Problema 12 · Biología URV Test Practice: Eukaryotes and Fungi

a. Which statement regarding Kingdom Fungi is FALSE?

Solución: b) Fungi are exclusively and strictly multicellular organisms

b. What physiological advantage is conferred by septa in fungal hyphae?

Solución: b) Compartmentalizing hyphae while allowing regulated cytoplasm/organelle transport and sealing off damaged segments

c. Which metabolic characteristic enables fungi to degrade recalcitrant woody substrates?

Solución: b) Secretion of specialized oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes (ligninases, cellulases)

d. What morphological feature distinguishes fungal fruiting bodies from vegetative mycelium?

Solución: c) Fruiting bodies are complex, macroscopic aerial structures specialized for spore generation

e. Which spore class is produced during the sexual reproductive cycle of Zygomycota?

Solución: c) Zygospores

f. Which fungal group forms a mutualistic association with the root systems of higher plants?

Solución: b) Mycorrhizal fungi

g. What primary benefit does the fungal partner provide to the algal component in a lichen?

Solución: b) Structural protection against desiccation and mechanical damage, along with water/mineral absorption

h. Why does the host cell remain alive when a fungal haustorium penetrates its boundary?

Solución: c) The haustorium breaches the cell wall but only invaginates the host plasma membrane without lysing it

i. Which mechanisms mediate vegetative reproduction in fungi?

Solución: b) Mechanical fragmentation of hyphae or cellular budding

j. Why are fungi indispensable for the global carbon cycle?

Solución: c) They enzymatically break down lignocellulose in dead plant tissue, liberating carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere