Problema 11 · Biología URV Test Practice: Eukaryotes and Fungi

a. What type of ecological interaction defines a lichen?

Solución: c) Mutualistic symbiosis

b. How does the release of vast numbers of airborne fungal spores facilitate habitat colonization?

Solución: c) Through widespread passive dispersal across air, water, and animal carriers

c. What morphological feature separates septate hyphae from coenocytic hyphae?

Solución: c) Septate hyphae possess transverse cross-walls dividing filaments into cellular compartments

d. What is the primary role of the vegetative fungal mycelium?

Solución: b) Absorption of nutrients and water from the substratum

e. What functional role do glucans perform in fungal cell walls?

Solución: a) Confer mechanical rigidity, tensile strength, and structural integrity

f. What environmental signal commonly triggers the morphogenesis of fungal sporocarps (fruiting bodies)?

Solución: a) Depletion of local nutrients or environmental stress

g. Which mode of reproduction dominates among fungi when ambient environmental conditions remain favorable and nutrient-rich?

Solución: b) Mitotic asexual sporulation or budding

h. What makes saprophytic fungi indispensable for global ecological balance?

Solución: a) They degrade dead biological matter and recycle locked bioelements back into the biosphere

i. Which trait uniquely defines parasitic fungi?

Solución: c) They extract their organic nutrition directly from living host tissues

j. How do haustoria penetrate host cells without killing the host cytoplasm?

Solución: c) By enzymatically dissolving the host cell wall while invaginating the host plasma membrane without rupturing it