Problema 10 · Biología URV Test Practice: Eukaryotes and Fungi

a. Which description accurately defines fungal haustoria?

Solución: c) Modified hyphal projections tailored for nutrient uptake inside host cells

b. Where does conidial spore formation typically take place?

Solución: b) Exogenously at the tips of specialized hyphal branches (conidiophores)

c. Why is sexual reproduction favored by fungi under stressful conditions?

Solución: b) To generate recombinant, genetically diverse progeny suited for unpredictable environments

d. What constitutes the primary mass of a macroscopic fungal fruiting body?

Solución: c) Densely interwoven hyphal tissue (mycelium/plectenchyma)

e. Which reproductive process takes place across the hymenium of a basidiomycete mushroom?

Solución: c) Sexual spore formation (karyogamy and meiosis on basidia)

f. What critical pioneering ecological role is attributed to lichens?

Solución: c) Weathering of bare rock and primary soil formation in barren landscapes

g. What structural hallmark separates conidia from sporangiospores?

Solución: b) Conidia are produced externally; sporangiospores form enclosed within a sporangium

h. What term categorizes fungi that extract sustenance directly from living host tissues?

Solución: c) Parasites

i. What cellular mechanism accounts for the rapid invasive elongation of fungal hyphae?

Solución: c) Polarized apical extension at hyphal tips driven by vesicle exocytosis

j. What component present in plant cell walls is characteristically absent in fungal cell walls?

Solución: c) Cellulose