Problema 8 · Biología URV Test Practice: Eukaryotes and Fungi

a. Which environmental condition characteristically triggers the onset of sexual reproduction in fungi?

Solución: b) Adverse, nutrient-depleted, or stressful environmental conditions

b. How are fungal spores typically dispersed into the broader environment?

Solución: c) Passive carriage by air currents (wind), water, or animal vectors

c. What cellular process occurs during the initial stages of sexual reproduction when compatible hyphae merge?

Solución: b) Hyphal fusion / Plasmogamy (labeled fertilization in the test key)

d. What is the principal biochemical role of exoenzymes secreted by fungi?

Solución: b) Cleavage of extracellular complex biopolymers into absorbable monomers

e. What defines fungal fruiting bodies (sporocarps)?

Solución: b) Macroscopic, complex structures specialized for spore generation and aerial dispersal

f. Which polysaccharides are the chief constituents of the fungal cell wall?

Solución: b) Chitin and glucans

g. What is the primary role of aerial hyphae projecting above the substrate?

Solución: b) Elevated production and dispersal of reproductive spores

h. Which specialized fungal structure gives rise to conidiospores?

Solución: b) Conidiophores

i. Which statement describes the ecological function of saprophytic fungi?

Solución: b) They decompose refractory organic matter to cycle essential elements

j. Which mode of fungal propagation occurs through the mechanical breaking of hyphae?

Solución: c) Vegetative fragmentation