Problema 9 · Biología URV Test Practice: Eukaryotes and Fungi

a. What is the physiological role played by the photobiont in a lichen?

Solución: b) Providing fixed carbon sugars via photosynthesis

b. Which specialized hyphal outgrowth allows biotrophic fungi to siphon nutrients from plant host cells?

Solución: c) Haustoria

c. What is the ecological benefit provided by mycorrhizal fungi to partner plants?

Solución: b) Expanding the root surface area to enhance water and mineral (phosphate) uptake

d. What distinguishes sexual reproduction in many filamentous fungi?

Solución: b) Fusion of hyphae from complementary mating types followed by karyogamy

e. What specific spore type develops endogenously inside a sac-like sporangium?

Solución: c) Sporangiospores

f. Which guild of fungi possesses the enzymatic machinery necessary to degrade plant cellulose and lignin?

Solución: b) Saprophytes

g. What major nutritional benefit do plants gain from mycorrhizal relationships?

Solución: b) Enhanced uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen, and soil water

h. What is the biological definition of a fungal fruiting body?

Solución: b) A macroscopic, multicellular hyphal structure organized for spore dissemination

i. Which fungal group predominantly reproduces asexually through cellular budding?

Solución: c) Unicellular yeasts

j. What function is performed by enzymes released by saprophytic fungi?

Solución: c) Hydrolyzing high-molecular-weight organic polymers into soluble nutrients