Sujet 1 - Partie 2 · Bac Anglais, monde contemporain Métropole remplacement 2022

Document A

What slavery reparations from the federal government could look like

After decades of work from activists pushing the issue, presidential candidates, Congress members, local governments and private institutions have debated whether and how the federal government should issue reparations for Black Americans who are descendants of slaves. [...]

Proposals for reparations programs have been raised by reparations advocacy groups in recent decades. The National African American Reparations Commission, for example, has a 10-point reparations plan that includes calls for a national apology for slavery and subsequent discrimination; a repatriation program that would allow interested people to receive assistance when exercising their “right to return” to an African nation of their choice; affordable housing and education programs; and the preservation of Black monuments and sacred sites, with the proposals benefiting any person of African descent living in the US.

Other proposals, like one proposed by Andre Perry and Rashawn Ray for the Brookings Institution 1, would also specifically provide restitution to descendants with at least one ancestor enslaved in the U.S., coupling direct financial payment with plans for free college tuition, student loan forgiveness, grants for down payments 2 and housing revitalization and grants for Black-owned businesses.

“Making the American Dream an equitable reality demands the same U.S. government that denied wealth to Blacks restore that deferred wealth through reparations to their descendants,” they wrote last year.

The variety of proposals show that even among supporters of reparations, there is some disagreement about what a full program should look like and what exactly should be described as “true reparations.”

“I think we would be doing ourselves a huge disservice if we were just talking about financial compensation alone,” said Dreisen Heath, a racial justice researcher with Human Rights Watch.

While Heath said she did support and see the value in direct financial payments, she added that money alone “is not going to fix if you were wrongly convicted in a racist legal system. That’s not going to fix your access to preventative health care. All of these other harms are connected to the racial wealth gap but are not exclusively defined by or can be relieved by financial compensation.”

NBC News.com, May 12, 2021

1 an influential American research organization

2 initial payment to buy something on credit

Document B

Her family owned slaves. How can she make amend?

For almost three years now, with the fervor of the newly converted, Ms. Marshall has been on a quest that from the outside may seem quixotic 1 and even naïve. She is diving into her family’s past and trying to chip away at racism in the Deep South, where every white family with roots here benefited from slavery and almost every Black family had enslaved ancestors.

“I don’t have a lot of money, but I have property,” she said during a walk on her farm last winter. “How am I going to use that for the greater good, and not in like a paying-penance 2 sort of way but in an it’s-just-the-right-thing-to-do kind of way?” [...]

Farming, family and unspoken discrimination are braided together so tightly here that she can’t untwist them. She is aware that she sometimes stumbles across the line between doing antiracism work and playing the white savior, but she finds the history unavoidable.

“I can’t just go feed my cows and not be reminded of it,” she said.

Hers is the national soul-searching writ small 3: Should the descendants of people who kept others enslaved be held responsible for that wrong? What can they do to make things right? And what will it cost? [...]

She could set up an internship for young Black farmers, letting them work her land and keep the profit. Maybe her Black neighbors wanted preservation work done on their church cemetery.

Or maybe — and this is where the discussion gets complicated — she should give some land or money from the sale of it to descendants of the Black people who had helped her family build wealth, either as enslaved people in the 1800s or, later, as sharecroppers 4 who lived in two small shacks on her land. [...]

As the only young woman running a farm in the valley, Ms. Marshall already feels like a curiosity. She expects that people will turn on 5 her for telling the community’s story through the lens of slavery.

The New York Times, July 7, 2021

1 idealistic

2 an act showing you feel sorry for what you have done wrong

3 Her individual questioning echoes the national debate.

4 farmers who give part of what they cultivate as rent

5 criticize

Document C

Rob Tornoe, Whyy.org, February 15, 2016

[In 2016, Governor Jack Markell apologized for slavery on behalf of the state of Delaware.]

Partie 2 [4 pts]

Transposition en français.

Rendez compte des principales idées exprimées dans le document B, en français et de manière structurée. (110 – 130 mots)