Examen de Inglés PAU Madrid 2023 · Ordinaria (2ª lengua) Coincidencias

TEXTO A

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the First English Female Doctor

Anderson was a pioneering physician and political campaigner, the first English woman to qualify as a doctor. She was born in East London, one of the twelve children of a moneylender. During her childhood, her father became a successful businessman, enabling him to send his children to good schools. After school she was expected to marry well and live the life of a lady. However, meetings with the feminist Emily Davies and Elizabeth Blackwell, the first American woman physician, convinced Elizabeth that she should become a doctor.

This was unheard of in 19 th -century Britain and her attempts to study at several medical schools were denied. She enrolled as a nursing student and attended classes intended for male colleagues, but she had to leave after complaints from other students. As the Society of Apothecaries did not specifically forbid women from taking their examinations, in 1865 she passed their exams and gained a certificate which enabled her to become a doctor. As a result, the Society changed its rules to prevent other women entering the profession this way.

With her father's support, in 1866 she established a dispensary for women in London and in 1870 was made a visiting physician to the East London Hospital. Here she met James Anderson, a successful businessman, who she married in 1871. She remained determined to obtain a medical degree, so she taught herself French and went to the University of Paris, where she successfully earned her degree. The British Medical Register refused to recognise her qualification.

In 1872, Anderson founded the New Hospital for Women in London, staffed entirely by women. Anderson's determination paved the way for other women, and in 1876 an act was passed permitting women to enter the medical professions. In 1883, Anderson was appointed dean of the London School of Medicine for Women.

Adapted from “Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836 - 1917),” BBC, 2014. <https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/garrett_anderson_elizabeth.shtml>

A.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

Once Elizabeth Garrett passed the exams of the Society of Apothecaries, everything was less hard for other women that wanted to follow her footsteps.

TRUE

FALSE

b)

Earning her medical degree in France was enough to allow Elizabeth Garrett onto the British Medical Register.

TRUE

FALSE

A.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

What encouraged Elizabeth Garrett to become a physician?

b)

Why didn't she finish her nursing studies?

TEXTO A

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the First English Female Doctor

Anderson was a pioneering physician and political campaigner, the first English woman to qualify as a doctor. She was born in East London, one of the twelve children of a moneylender. During her childhood, her father became a successful businessman, enabling him to send his children to good schools. After school she was expected to marry well and live the life of a lady. However, meetings with the feminist Emily Davies and Elizabeth Blackwell, the first American woman physician, convinced Elizabeth that she should become a doctor.

This was unheard of in 19 th -century Britain and her attempts to study at several medical schools were denied. She enrolled as a nursing student and attended classes intended for male colleagues, but she had to leave after complaints from other students. As the Society of Apothecaries did not specifically forbid women from taking their examinations, in 1865 she passed their exams and gained a certificate which enabled her to become a doctor. As a result, the Society changed its rules to prevent other women entering the profession this way.

With her father's support, in 1866 she established a dispensary for women in London and in 1870 was made a visiting physician to the East London Hospital. Here she met James Anderson, a successful businessman, who she married in 1871. She remained determined to obtain a medical degree, so she taught herself French and went to the University of Paris, where she successfully earned her degree. The British Medical Register refused to recognise her qualification.

In 1872, Anderson founded the New Hospital for Women in London, staffed entirely by women. Anderson's determination paved the way for other women, and in 1876 an act was passed permitting women to enter the medical professions. In 1883, Anderson was appointed dean of the London School of Medicine for Women.

Adapted from “Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836 - 1917),” BBC, 2014. <https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/garrett_anderson_elizabeth.shtml>

A.3.- Find the words in the text that mean: (Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

a)

b)

c)

d)

A.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

a)

In 1876, female access

the profession of medicine

(legalise).

b)

His father,

was descended from an old noble family, practised his profession with success

30 years.

c)

Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of

(wealthy) women of the Middle Ages and

(marry) two kings.

d)

Complete the following sentence to report what was said.

“Which woman has had the greatest influence on your life?”

He asked me

.

A.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

“When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with this quotation? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.

TEXTO B

Heatwaves are Changing Tourism in Europe

It was the middle of peak summer travel season, and the news from Europe wasn’t looking good: trains were delayed or cancelled across Britain because of overheated tracks. More than two dozen weather stations in France recorded their highest-ever temperatures. And wildfires blazed in tourist regions of Spain and Portugal. After more than two years of putting off their vacations, travellers were unwilling to cancel their trips. But several people in the industry explained that a growing number of travellers were adjusting their plans to account for high temperatures, whether by changing destinations, reworking their daytime schedules, or delaying their trips by a month or two.

Given the pace and trajectory of climate change, travel shifts are likely to become more common and necessary in the years ahead. That’s especially true for Europe, a region that climate researchers have described as a “hot spot” for severe summer heat. Dolev Azaria, the founder of Azaria Travel, helped one family make the last-minute choice to spend their vacation in Oslo instead of Rome. “The goal is to move a client from any heat-trapped city to a waterfront vicinity,” Ms. Azaria said. “Places like Copenhagen and Amsterdam have come up, places that maybe our clients wouldn’t have originally chosen to go to”. But Ms. Azaria said that, so far, she hasn’t had any complete cancellations.

When cancelling a trip, travellers may discover that their cancellation policies leave little opportunity for a refund, since travel insurance is unlikely to cover cancellations because of a heatwave. The only policy that would apply in such a scenario is “cancel for any reason” insurance, but this kind of insurance is typically about 40 percent more expensive than normal coverage.

Adapted from “Stockholm instead of Rome? October instead of July? How heat waves are changing tourism in Europe,” The New York Times, August 4, 2022. <https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/04/travel/heat-wave-europe.html>

QUESTIONS

B.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

Weather conditions will not affect people’s travel plans in the future.

TRUE

FALSE

b)

According to Dolev Azaria, destinations like Copenhagen and Amsterdam are less popular now than they were in the past.

TRUE

FALSE

B.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

Explain two ways in which travellers are adapting their holiday plans to combat high temperatures.

b)

Which problem may travellers face if they decide to cancel their trips? Explain.

TEXTO B

Heatwaves are Changing Tourism in Europe

It was the middle of peak summer travel season, and the news from Europe wasn’t looking good: trains were delayed or cancelled across Britain because of overheated tracks. More than two dozen weather stations in France recorded their highest-ever temperatures. And wildfires blazed in tourist regions of Spain and Portugal. After more than two years of putting off their vacations, travellers were unwilling to cancel their trips. But several people in the industry explained that a growing number of travellers were adjusting their plans to account for high temperatures, whether by changing destinations, reworking their daytime schedules, or delaying their trips by a month or two.

Given the pace and trajectory of climate change, travel shifts are likely to become more common and necessary in the years ahead. That’s especially true for Europe, a region that climate researchers have described as a “hot spot” for severe summer heat. Dolev Azaria, the founder of Azaria Travel, helped one family make the last-minute choice to spend their vacation in Oslo instead of Rome. “The goal is to move a client from any heat-trapped city to a waterfront vicinity,” Ms. Azaria said. “Places like Copenhagen and Amsterdam have come up, places that maybe our clients wouldn’t have originally chosen to go to”. But Ms. Azaria said that, so far, she hasn’t had any complete cancellations.

When cancelling a trip, travellers may discover that their cancellation policies leave little opportunity for a refund, since travel insurance is unlikely to cover cancellations because of a heatwave. The only policy that would apply in such a scenario is “cancel for any reason” insurance, but this kind of insurance is typically about 40 percent more expensive than normal coverage.

Adapted from “Stockholm instead of Rome? October instead of July? How heat waves are changing tourism in Europe,” The New York Times, August 4, 2022. <https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/04/travel/heat-wave-europe.html>

B.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:

(Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

a)

b)

c)

d)

B.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

a)

The urbanization of the desert,

has accelerated in recent decades, has led

higher temperatures in Las Vegas.

b)

Ever since the weather emergency

(begin), the travel industry has been looking forward to

(consider) different destination options.

c)

Conventional cars are

(bad) than electric vehicles because their emissions are very

(health) and cause many respiratory problems.

d)

Current extreme temperatures

(think) to be the reason why it is common

travellers to cancel their holiday plans.

B.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

It is said that climate change will affect people's lives in the future. Do you agree? Justify your answer.