Examen de Inglés PAU Galicia 2023 · Extraordinaria

TEXT A

In many countries, young people have a more active social life than any other group in society. This social life revolves around pubs, bars, discotheques and clubs. Therefore, young people are a target for advertisers, especially those working for liquor companies. Promotions and advertising campaigns are aimed at introducing young people to different brands of liquor. The idea is to attract as many young people as possible into a club or bar, thus creating a new generation of drinkers, who have a lifetime of drinking ahead of them. Companies often offer drinks at cut prices together with free T-shirts, caps and posters in order to encourage teenagers to try new 'tastes' in hard liquor. One vodka company actually held a competition in which the prize was free vodka for a whole term at university. As one teenager put it, "I could get used to this."

This form of advertising has been strongly criticized by health experts, who argue that young people are unaware of the short and long-term dangers of alcohol. The main danger, they claim, is not a long-term threat such as liver damage or alcoholism, but the serious short-term risks to life when young people consume amounts of liquor they are not used to. The most common example of this is drunken driving, which all too often leads to injury and death. Young people are unaware of how drinking affects their judgment and their reaction time. Another example is the unfortunate case of one young teenager who went to a tequila promotion and collapsed in her home after drinking 17 tequilas. When she woke up later and went to her window to breathe fresh air, she fell to her death.

Experts on alcoholism believe that the only way to prevent this disturbing trend is to teach teenagers the facts about the effects of alcohol on the body, and to make them aware of the serious risks they take when they drink and drive. Perhaps they should also be shown how they are being manipulated by advertisers who are not concerned about the consequences but only about making a profit.

1.1.1. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) according to the text. Copy that part (and ONLY that part) of the text which justifies your answer. [1.5 points]

a.

Young people’s social life takes place in drinking establishments.

b.

Liquor companies are interested in young people as customers.

c.

The most serious effect of alcohol is liver damage.

d.

A young man died after drinking a large number of tequilas.

e.

To stop this tendency alcoholic drinks should be more expensive.

f.

Teenagers are warned by advertisers about the dangers of drinking alcohol.

TEXT A

In many countries, young people have a more active social life than any other group in society. This social life revolves around pubs, bars, discotheques and clubs. Therefore, young people are a target for advertisers, especially those working for liquor companies. Promotions and advertising campaigns are aimed at introducing young people to different brands of liquor. The idea is to attract as many young people as possible into a club or bar, thus creating a new generation of drinkers, who have a lifetime of drinking ahead of them. Companies often offer drinks at cut prices together with free T-shirts, caps and posters in order to encourage teenagers to try new 'tastes' in hard liquor. One vodka company actually held a competition in which the prize was free vodka for a whole term at university. As one teenager put it, "I could get used to this."

This form of advertising has been strongly criticized by health experts, who argue that young people are unaware of the short and long-term dangers of alcohol. The main danger, they claim, is not a long-term threat such as liver damage or alcoholism, but the serious short-term risks to life when young people consume amounts of liquor they are not used to. The most common example of this is drunken driving, which all too often leads to injury and death. Young people are unaware of how drinking affects their judgment and their reaction time. Another example is the unfortunate case of one young teenager who went to a tequila promotion and collapsed in her home after drinking 17 tequilas. When she woke up later and went to her window to breathe fresh air, she fell to her death.

Experts on alcoholism believe that the only way to prevent this disturbing trend is to teach teenagers the facts about the effects of alcohol on the body, and to make them aware of the serious risks they take when they drink and drive. Perhaps they should also be shown how they are being manipulated by advertisers who are not concerned about the consequences but only about making a profit.

1.1.2. Find words or phrases in the text that correspond in meaning to the words and definitions given here: (1 point)

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

TEXT A

In many countries, young people have a more active social life than any other group in society. This social life revolves around pubs, bars, discotheques and clubs. Therefore, young people are a target for advertisers, especially those working for liquor companies. Promotions and advertising campaigns are aimed at introducing young people to different brands of liquor. The idea is to attract as many young people as possible into a club or bar, thus creating a new generation of drinkers, who have a lifetime of drinking ahead of them. Companies often offer drinks at cut prices together with free T-shirts, caps and posters in order to encourage teenagers to try new 'tastes' in hard liquor. One vodka company actually held a competition in which the prize was free vodka for a whole term at university. As one teenager put it, "I could get used to this."

This form of advertising has been strongly criticized by health experts, who argue that young people are unaware of the short and long-term dangers of alcohol. The main danger, they claim, is not a long-term threat such as liver damage or alcoholism, but the serious short-term risks to life when young people consume amounts of liquor they are not used to. The most common example of this is drunken driving, which all too often leads to injury and death. Young people are unaware of how drinking affects their judgment and their reaction time. Another example is the unfortunate case of one young teenager who went to a tequila promotion and collapsed in her home after drinking 17 tequilas. When she woke up later and went to her window to breathe fresh air, she fell to her death.

Experts on alcoholism believe that the only way to prevent this disturbing trend is to teach teenagers the facts about the effects of alcohol on the body, and to make them aware of the serious risks they take when they drink and drive. Perhaps they should also be shown how they are being manipulated by advertisers who are not concerned about the consequences but only about making a profit.

1.2.1. Complete the second sentence of each pair so that it has the same meaning as the first one. You must use the word or expression in italics. (2 points)

a.

Many people say that teenagers drink a lot of alcohol.

b.

"Tonight the pub will offer drinks at cut prices together with free T-shirts"

c.

Anyone under the age of 18 is allowed in this bar.

d.

The film started two minutes ago.

e.

I would never go to this pub, because its waiters are paid miserable salaries.

TEXT A

In many countries, young people have a more active social life than any other group in society. This social life revolves around pubs, bars, discotheques and clubs. Therefore, young people are a target for advertisers, especially those working for liquor companies. Promotions and advertising campaigns are aimed at introducing young people to different brands of liquor. The idea is to attract as many young people as possible into a club or bar, thus creating a new generation of drinkers, who have a lifetime of drinking ahead of them. Companies often offer drinks at cut prices together with free T-shirts, caps and posters in order to encourage teenagers to try new 'tastes' in hard liquor. One vodka company actually held a competition in which the prize was free vodka for a whole term at university. As one teenager put it, "I could get used to this."

This form of advertising has been strongly criticized by health experts, who argue that young people are unaware of the short and long-term dangers of alcohol. The main danger, they claim, is not a long-term threat such as liver damage or alcoholism, but the serious short-term risks to life when young people consume amounts of liquor they are not used to. The most common example of this is drunken driving, which all too often leads to injury and death. Young people are unaware of how drinking affects their judgment and their reaction time. Another example is the unfortunate case of one young teenager who went to a tequila promotion and collapsed in her home after drinking 17 tequilas. When she woke up later and went to her window to breathe fresh air, she fell to her death.

Experts on alcoholism believe that the only way to prevent this disturbing trend is to teach teenagers the facts about the effects of alcohol on the body, and to make them aware of the serious risks they take when they drink and drive. Perhaps they should also be shown how they are being manipulated by advertisers who are not concerned about the consequences but only about making a profit.

1.2.2. Pronunciation (0.50 points)

a.

In which word are the underlined letters pronounced differently? field, feel, fill, feast

b.

In which two words is the ending "ed" pronounced /t/ as in "asked"? played, carried, discovered, kissed, counted, performed, targeted, placed

c.

In which word is the letter "g" silent (not pronounced)? guitar, sign, signature, egg

d.

Which pair of words does not rhyme? drove-hole, post-lost, were-shirt, bowl-coast

TEXT B

In the 1970s, many people became concerned about energy. People had to face up to the fact that they used too much energy, and energy sources were not going to last forever. A famous architect set out to design homes that were cheaper to build and more energy efficient. In addition, he wanted to do something about garbage. Finally, he came up with the idea of “earthships.”

Although it sounds like a boat, an earthship is a house. However, unlike regular houses, earthships are constructed from garbage and are built using only ten percent of the energy needed to build a typical house. Moreover, after they are built, earthships use only ten percent of the energy required to heat, light, and cool a regular home. Although earthships sound unique, they can actually be built to look just like any other house.

One of the big benefits of earthships is that they are made from recycled materials. The main construction material of an earthship is tyres that are filled with dirt. Because the tyres are round, there is lots of extra space between the columns of tyres. These spaces are filled with used cardboard. The tyres and cardboard form the outside walls of an earthship. The inside walls between rooms in the earthship do not need to be as strong as the outside walls; therefore, the inside walls are made with old cans, bottles, and cement that are eventually covered and painted to look just like walls in a typical home.

Another benefit of an earthship is that it saves energy and natural resources. For example, an earthship uses less water. Rain water, collected on the roof, is used for drinking and bathing. Furthermore, earthships need much less energy for heating and cooling because they are built into the ground, which keeps the temperature inside the house from getting too hot or too cold. As well, one wall of an earthship usually faces south. Therefore, solar heat helps to warm the house, and solar panels built on the roof generate electricity to run appliances in the house. Earthships are very environmentally friendly, that’s why they have become popular throughout the world.

2.1.1. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) according to the text. Copy that part (and ONLY that part) of the text which justifies your answer. (1.5 points)

.

TEXT B

In the 1970s, many people became concerned about energy. People had to face up to the fact that they used too much energy, and energy sources were not going to last forever. A famous architect set out to design homes that were cheaper to build and more energy efficient. In addition, he wanted to do something about garbage. Finally, he came up with the idea of “earthships.”

Although it sounds like a boat, an earthship is a house. However, unlike regular houses, earthships are constructed from garbage and are built using only ten percent of the energy needed to build a typical house. Moreover, after they are built, earthships use only ten percent of the energy required to heat, light, and cool a regular home. Although earthships sound unique, they can actually be built to look just like any other house.

One of the big benefits of earthships is that they are made from recycled materials. The main construction material of an earthship is tyres that are filled with dirt. Because the tyres are round, there is lots of extra space between the columns of tyres. These spaces are filled with used cardboard. The tyres and cardboard form the outside walls of an earthship. The inside walls between rooms in the earthship do not need to be as strong as the outside walls; therefore, the inside walls are made with old cans, bottles, and cement that are eventually covered and painted to look just like walls in a typical home.

Another benefit of an earthship is that it saves energy and natural resources. For example, an earthship uses less water. Rain water, collected on the roof, is used for drinking and bathing. Furthermore, earthships need much less energy for heating and cooling because they are built into the ground, which keeps the temperature inside the house from getting too hot or too cold. As well, one wall of an earthship usually faces south. Therefore, solar heat helps to warm the house, and solar panels built on the roof generate electricity to run appliances in the house. Earthships are very environmentally friendly, that’s why they have become popular throughout the world.

2.1.2. Find words or phrases in the text that correspond in meaning to the words and definitions given here: (1 point)

a.

rubbish:

b.

contrary to:

c.

advantages:

d.

in the end:

e.

all over:

TEXT B

In the 1970s, many people became concerned about energy. People had to face up to the fact that they used too much energy, and energy sources were not going to last forever. A famous architect set out to design homes that were cheaper to build and more energy efficient. In addition, he wanted to do something about garbage. Finally, he came up with the idea of “earthships.”

Although it sounds like a boat, an earthship is a house. However, unlike regular houses, earthships are constructed from garbage and are built using only ten percent of the energy needed to build a typical house. Moreover, after they are built, earthships use only ten percent of the energy required to heat, light, and cool a regular home. Although earthships sound unique, they can actually be built to look just like any other house.

One of the big benefits of earthships is that they are made from recycled materials. The main construction material of an earthship is tyres that are filled with dirt. Because the tyres are round, there is lots of extra space between the columns of tyres. These spaces are filled with used cardboard. The tyres and cardboard form the outside walls of an earthship. The inside walls between rooms in the earthship do not need to be as strong as the outside walls; therefore, the inside walls are made with old cans, bottles, and cement that are eventually covered and painted to look just like walls in a typical home.

Another benefit of an earthship is that it saves energy and natural resources. For example, an earthship uses less water. Rain water, collected on the roof, is used for drinking and bathing. Furthermore, earthships need much less energy for heating and cooling because they are built into the ground, which keeps the temperature inside the house from getting too hot or too cold. As well, one wall of an earthship usually faces south. Therefore, solar heat helps to warm the house, and solar panels built on the roof generate electricity to run appliances in the house. Earthships are very environmentally friendly, that’s why they have become popular throughout the world.

2.1. WRITE A COMPOSITION ANSWERING THIS QUESTION: (2.5 points)

Have housing and accommodation become a major problem in many cities around the world? (Approximately 120 words)

QUESTION 3. (5 points)

3.1.1. Complete the second sentence of each pair so that it has the same meaning as the first one. You must use the word or expression in italics. (2 points)

a.

It was easy for the thief to steal my car because I forgot to lock it.

b.

"Don't forget to turn out the lights, Sarah," Maureen said.

c.

The shop should offer us a refund.

d.

There's a possibility that she forgot about our meeting.

e.

I started working for Starbucks three years ago.

QUESTION 3. (5 points)

3.1.2. Pronunciation: (0.5 points)

a.

In which word is the pronunciation of “ay” different? rays, says, plays, stays.

b.

In which word are the letters “ch” pronounced differently? child, choice, machine, charge.

c.

In which two words do the underlined letters sound like the “th” in “this”? feather, mouth, sympathetic, south, earth, worth, breathe, teeth.

d.

In which word is the letter “w” silent (not pronounced)? weather, wing, white, wrist.

QUESTION 3. (5 points)

3.2. WRITE A COMPOSITION ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS: (2.5 points)

Do you think young people are aware of the dangers of alcohol? Why? (Approximately 120 words)