Sujet du Bac Anglais, monde contemporain 2024 · Métropole remplacement

Document A

How te reo Māori 1 is becoming a normalised aspect of popular culture, and why it matters

For many growing up in Aotearoa 2 in the 80s or 90s, the inclusion of te reo Māori in popular culture was largely limited to the All Blacks performing the haka on the international stage, despite it becoming an official language of New Zealand in 1987. […]

But in recent years, the inclusion of te reo in popular culture has made a positive shift, weaving the language into mainstream culture through books, film, television, radio and music. […]

In June this year, 1994 film The Lion King was adapted into te reo and praised as "embodying Māori indigeneity, it feels proximate, and you don't need to speak reo Māori to appreciate it". This month, Frozen Reo Māori will be released during Te Wiki o te Reo Māori 3.

Māori language adviser, translator and author Hēmi Kelly says the incorporation of the language in popular culture is an important shift, primarily because te reo is an official language of Aotearoa.

"We have a commitment and a responsibility as a country to ensure that [te reo] lives in every single part of our society. Language isn't confined to one space or one group of people."

Kelly has noticed more organisations and non-Māori are starting to learn the language and embrace it.

"It's important because what it contributes to is the normalisation of the language," he says. […]

Words such as kai, whānau, mahi and kia kaha are woven into everyday conversation and most New Zealanders know their meanings. The inclusion of phrases and words makes the language accessible to everyone, whether they feel comfortable speaking the language or not.

The journey to the normalisation of te reo in everyday New Zealand began with the Māori language petition, which was delivered to government with 30,000 signatures in 1972. The petition asked for active recognition of te reo Māori, which ultimately led to the Māori Language Act in 1987. The act gave the Māori language official language status in Aotearoa.

stuff.co.nz, September 14, 2022

1 native Māori language

2 "New Zealand" in te reo Māori

3 Māori Language Week

Document B

In New Zealand, 'Hello' Has Become 'Kia Ora.' Will That Save the Māori Language?

The New Zealand government has pledged to ensure 1 million residents are able to speak basic Māori by 2040—an effort to revive a language that UNESCO has classified as "vulnerable". The language has been incorporated into everyday life in ways both big and small. At sporting events, the national anthem is sung in both English and Māori language. Vodafone, the largest mobile network, changed the banner its cell phone users see on their screen from "Vodafone NZ" to "VF Aotearoa". The meeting rooms in Microsoft's Auckland office have Māori names, and Pic's, a popular peanut butter brand, has translated its labels. […]

The renewed interest in the Māori language also comes as New Zealand continues to wrestle with its colonial history—and representation for Māori culture. […]

The language of New Zealand's original inhabitants was still the country's predominant tongue at the beginning of the 19th century, but it was suppressed over the following decades to ensure that Māori children assimilated with the growing number of English-speaking colonial arrivals. "My grandparents weren't allowed to speak it, so they didn't pass it down to my parents and my parents didn't pass it down to me," says [36-year-old Kenny] Williams.

Today Māori people comprise about 16.5% of the population. But in 2013 only around 3.7% of the country's 5 million people spoke the language. Those who speak it fluently are an even smaller number.

But experts say over the last five or so years, the number of people trying to learn the language has increased markedly. In late 2019, hundreds of people were on a waiting list for language classes at Auckland University of Technology. Ara Institute of Canterbury, a vocational training school, says Māori language enrollment jumped 35% between 2018 and 2019.

Driving the revitalization are both Māori people embracing their language, and non-Māori New Zealanders who are learning it to gain a better understanding of their national identity, for professional reasons or from a sense of moral obligation, according to researchers at Massey University. Ella Henry, an associate professor at Auckland University of Technology, says that language classes at her university are split into about 50% Māori and 50% non-Māori students. […]

"The acceptance and celebration of Māori culture in wider society in New Zealand is playing a part in the language's revival," says Henry, of Auckland University of Technology.

Time, December 21, 2020

Document C

New Zealanders are getting better at speaking te reo Māori

Stats NZ, 05 July 2022

SUJET 1

Le sujet porte sur la thématique « Faire société ».

Partie 1 (16 pts)

Prenez connaissance du dossier proposé, composé des documents A, B et C non hiérarchisés, et traitez en anglais le sujet suivant (500 mots environ):

Say what the documents show about the revival of the Māori language. Pay attention to its status and use, as well as the role played by institutions in this revival.

Document A

How te reo Māori 1 is becoming a normalised aspect of popular culture, and why it matters

For many growing up in Aotearoa 2 in the 80s or 90s, the inclusion of te reo Māori in popular culture was largely limited to the All Blacks performing the haka on the international stage, despite it becoming an official language of New Zealand in 1987. […]

But in recent years, the inclusion of te reo in popular culture has made a positive shift, weaving the language into mainstream culture through books, film, television, radio and music. […]

In June this year, 1994 film The Lion King was adapted into te reo and praised as "embodying Māori indigeneity, it feels proximate, and you don't need to speak reo Māori to appreciate it". This month, Frozen Reo Māori will be released during Te Wiki o te Reo Māori 3.

Māori language adviser, translator and author Hēmi Kelly says the incorporation of the language in popular culture is an important shift, primarily because te reo is an official language of Aotearoa.

"We have a commitment and a responsibility as a country to ensure that [te reo] lives in every single part of our society. Language isn't confined to one space or one group of people."

Kelly has noticed more organisations and non-Māori are starting to learn the language and embrace it.

"It's important because what it contributes to is the normalisation of the language," he says. […]

Words such as kai, whānau, mahi and kia kaha are woven into everyday conversation and most New Zealanders know their meanings. The inclusion of phrases and words makes the language accessible to everyone, whether they feel comfortable speaking the language or not.

The journey to the normalisation of te reo in everyday New Zealand began with the Māori language petition, which was delivered to government with 30,000 signatures in 1972. The petition asked for active recognition of te reo Māori, which ultimately led to the Māori Language Act in 1987. The act gave the Māori language official language status in Aotearoa.

stuff.co.nz, September 14, 2022

1 native Māori language

2 "New Zealand" in te reo Māori

3 Māori Language Week

Document B

In New Zealand, 'Hello' Has Become 'Kia Ora.' Will That Save the Māori Language?

The New Zealand government has pledged to ensure 1 million residents are able to speak basic Māori by 2040—an effort to revive a language that UNESCO has classified as "vulnerable". The language has been incorporated into everyday life in ways both big and small. At sporting events, the national anthem is sung in both English and Māori language. Vodafone, the largest mobile network, changed the banner its cell phone users see on their screen from "Vodafone NZ" to "VF Aotearoa". The meeting rooms in Microsoft's Auckland office have Māori names, and Pic's, a popular peanut butter brand, has translated its labels. […]

The renewed interest in the Māori language also comes as New Zealand continues to wrestle with its colonial history—and representation for Māori culture. […]

The language of New Zealand's original inhabitants was still the country's predominant tongue at the beginning of the 19th century, but it was suppressed over the following decades to ensure that Māori children assimilated with the growing number of English-speaking colonial arrivals. "My grandparents weren't allowed to speak it, so they didn't pass it down to my parents and my parents didn't pass it down to me," says [36-year-old Kenny] Williams.

Today Māori people comprise about 16.5% of the population. But in 2013 only around 3.7% of the country's 5 million people spoke the language. Those who speak it fluently are an even smaller number.

But experts say over the last five or so years, the number of people trying to learn the language has increased markedly. In late 2019, hundreds of people were on a waiting list for language classes at Auckland University of Technology. Ara Institute of Canterbury, a vocational training school, says Māori language enrollment jumped 35% between 2018 and 2019.

Driving the revitalization are both Māori people embracing their language, and non-Māori New Zealanders who are learning it to gain a better understanding of their national identity, for professional reasons or from a sense of moral obligation, according to researchers at Massey University. Ella Henry, an associate professor at Auckland University of Technology, says that language classes at her university are split into about 50% Māori and 50% non-Māori students. […]

"The acceptance and celebration of Māori culture in wider society in New Zealand is playing a part in the language's revival," says Henry, of Auckland University of Technology.

Time, December 21, 2020

Document C

New Zealanders are getting better at speaking te reo Māori

Stats NZ, 05 July 2022

Partie 2 [4 pts]

Traduisez en français le passage suivant du document B (l.11-17):

The language of New Zealand’s original inhabitants was still the country’s predominant tongue at the beginning of the 19th century, but it was suppressed over the following decades to ensure that Māori children assimilated with the growing number of English-speaking colonial arrivals. “My grandparents weren’t allowed to speak it, so they didn’t pass it down to my parents and my parents didn’t pass it down to me,” says 36-year-old Kenny Williams.

Today Māori people comprise about 16.5% of the population.

Sujet 2 — Partie 1

Le sujet porte sur la thématique « Relation au monde ».

Document A

Queen Elizabeth II epitomised Britain's soft power

Like the monarchy itself, Queen Elizabeth II, who adorned the throne of Great Britain for over 70 years as the country's longest ever serving monarch, became an institution herself. Indeed, very few people across the globe will remember a period in time when she was not the Queen of the United Kingdom.

The continuity she brought, uniting Britain, particularly, over generations and eras and the ease with which she interacted with leaders and common people across the globe is what made her the epitome and ultimate symbol of Britain's soft power. [...]

It is this longevity that made the Queen unique. She appointed 15 British prime ministers as head of that Constitutional monarchy, she saw and interacted with 14 Presidents of the United States, from President Dwight D. Eisenhower to Joe Biden and she presided over a Great Britain which lost much of its greatness as most of its erstwhile colonies became independent and threw off the colonial yoke. 1

Yet the 'Maharani' 2 managed to cobble together the former colonies into a "Commonwealth," which now comprises 54 nations. [...]

India, which also threw off the yoke of colonial authority under her Father's tenure as King, voluntarily chose to be a part of the Commonwealth and has found it a useful international forum. Queen Elizabeth [...] was a bridge between the first leaders of an India which had just gained independence from British rule and the present leadership.

India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru attended her coronation in 1953 and, when she visited India in 1961, India's first President, Rajendra Prasad, was her host. When Queen Elizabeth last presided over the Commonwealth heads of government meeting in 2018, she hosted and met Prime Minister Narendra Modi. [...]

Although she never apologised to India for the extreme excesses of the British Empire, [...] she made efforts to portray Britain's most benignant 3 face and concern not just toward Indians and India, but most of the 120 countries she visited. [...]

Robin Oakley in Foreign Policy best summed up Queen Elizabeth II's era, saying she "may be best remembered as a leader who provided a model of constancy in a rapidly shifting world. She was admired by monarchists and republicans alike for her unswerving devotion to duty."

India News Stream, September 9, 2022

1 A yoke ( un joug) symbolises oppression.

2 Indian word for princess. Here, Queen Elizabeth II.

3 gentle

Document B

President Biden and King Charles' marriage of convenience

On the way to a NATO summit in Lithuania, President Joe Biden today made a quick stopover in England for tea with King Charles III — and an unusual discussion of policy.

Biden's first bilateral reception with Charles since he ascended the throne last September was devoted to a dialogue on environmental issues that included a joint briefing from Britain's Energy Secretary Grant Shapps and U.S. special climate envoy John Kerry on trans-Atlantic attempts to "accelerate the deployment of literally trillions of dollars" of climate change investment, according to Kerry.

Historically, visits between U.S. presidents and English monarchy have been more ceremonial than policy-oriented. [...]

In 2021, Biden told then-Prince Charles that "we need you badly" to help with climate targets at COP26. And on Sunday, before their meeting, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told reporters that Biden has long considered Charles a "clarion 1 voice" on climate issues.

To some degree, it is a marriage of convenience. While the official website for the British monarchy says that "The Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role," Charles isn't about to pause his lifelong work of advocating for sustainability just because he's finally on the throne. Meeting with the American president on the issue burnishes his credentials 2 on a matter he cares deeply about.

For Biden, the meeting offered an opportunity to showcase his commitment to climate issues just as his reelection campaign starts cranking — and his team has decided that investment in green technology is a winning issue.

The two were determined enough to establish a new kind of relationship that they broke protocol in other ways as well. When Biden met Charles at Windsor Castle earlier today, he patted the king on the back — a gesture that violates royal norms, though one that's commonplace for the often physically affectionate Biden. [...]

Responding to the contact, a source inside Buckingham Palace said, "His Majesty the King is entirely comfortable with that kind of contact — and what a wonderful symbol of warmth and affection it was between both the individuals and their nations." [...]

It's too early to tell if the meeting will lead to any progress on climate or significant diplomatic promises to one another. Symbolism remains at the heart of Biden and Charles' meeting today.

Politico [US edition], July 10, 2023

1 loud and clear

2 ici: renforce sa crédibilité

Document C

Prenez connaissance du dossier proposé, composé des documents A, B et C non hiérarchisés, et traitez en anglais le sujet suivant (500 mots environ):

Taking into account the three documents, say what they show about the British monarchy's symbolic role on the international stage, its diplomatic power and the challenges raised by the succession.

mots

Partie 2 (4 pts)

Document A

Queen Elizabeth II epitomised Britain's soft power

Like the monarchy itself, Queen Elizabeth II, who adorned the throne of Great Britain for over 70 years as the country's longest ever serving monarch, became an institution herself. Indeed, very few people across the globe will remember a period in time when she was not the Queen of the United Kingdom.

The continuity she brought, uniting Britain, particularly, over generations and eras and the ease with which she interacted with leaders and common people across the globe is what made her the epitome and ultimate symbol of Britain's soft power. [...]

It is this longevity that made the Queen unique. She appointed 15 British prime ministers as head of that Constitutional monarchy, she saw and interacted with 14 Presidents of the United States, from President Dwight D. Eisenhower to Joe Biden and she presided over a Great Britain which lost much of its greatness as most of its erstwhile colonies became independent and threw off the colonial yoke. 1

Yet the 'Maharani' 2 managed to cobble together the former colonies into a "Commonwealth," which now comprises 54 nations. [...]

India, which also threw off the yoke of colonial authority under her Father's tenure as King, voluntarily chose to be a part of the Commonwealth and has found it a useful international forum. Queen Elizabeth [...] was a bridge between the first leaders of an India which had just gained independence from British rule and the present leadership.

India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru attended her coronation in 1953 and, when she visited India in 1961, India's first President, Rajendra Prasad, was her host. When Queen Elizabeth last presided over the Commonwealth heads of government meeting in 2018, she hosted and met Prime Minister Narendra Modi. [...]

Although she never apologised to India for the extreme excesses of the British Empire, [...] she made efforts to portray Britain's most benignant 3 face and concern not just toward Indians and India, but most of the 120 countries she visited. [...]

Robin Oakley in Foreign Policy best summed up Queen Elizabeth II's era, saying she "may be best remembered as a leader who provided a model of constancy in a rapidly shifting world. She was admired by monarchists and republicans alike for her unswerving devotion to duty."

India News Stream, September 9, 2022

1 A yoke ( un joug) symbolises oppression.

2 Indian word for princess. Here, Queen Elizabeth II.

3 gentle

Document B

President Biden and King Charles' marriage of convenience

On the way to a NATO summit in Lithuania, President Joe Biden today made a quick stopover in England for tea with King Charles III — and an unusual discussion of policy.

Biden's first bilateral reception with Charles since he ascended the throne last September was devoted to a dialogue on environmental issues that included a joint briefing from Britain's Energy Secretary Grant Shapps and U.S. special climate envoy John Kerry on trans-Atlantic attempts to "accelerate the deployment of literally trillions of dollars" of climate change investment, according to Kerry.

Historically, visits between U.S. presidents and English monarchy have been more ceremonial than policy-oriented. [...]

In 2021, Biden told then-Prince Charles that "we need you badly" to help with climate targets at COP26. And on Sunday, before their meeting, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told reporters that Biden has long considered Charles a "clarion 1 voice" on climate issues.

To some degree, it is a marriage of convenience. While the official website for the British monarchy says that "The Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role," Charles isn't about to pause his lifelong work of advocating for sustainability just because he's finally on the throne. Meeting with the American president on the issue burnishes his credentials 2 on a matter he cares deeply about.

For Biden, the meeting offered an opportunity to showcase his commitment to climate issues just as his reelection campaign starts cranking — and his team has decided that investment in green technology is a winning issue.

The two were determined enough to establish a new kind of relationship that they broke protocol in other ways as well. When Biden met Charles at Windsor Castle earlier today, he patted the king on the back — a gesture that violates royal norms, though one that's commonplace for the often physically affectionate Biden. [...]

Responding to the contact, a source inside Buckingham Palace said, "His Majesty the King is entirely comfortable with that kind of contact — and what a wonderful symbol of warmth and affection it was between both the individuals and their nations." [...]

It's too early to tell if the meeting will lead to any progress on climate or significant diplomatic promises to one another. Symbolism remains at the heart of Biden and Charles' meeting today.

Politico [US edition], July 10, 2023

1 loud and clear

2 ici: renforce sa crédibilité

Document C

Rendez compte des principales idées exprimées dans le document A, en français et de manière structurée. (100-120 mots)

Nombre de mots: