Aufgabe HT 4 · Abitur NRW Geographie GK · Haupttermin · bilingual Englisch 2021

Abiturprüfung 2021 – Geographie bilingual-englisch, Grundkurs

Topic: Challenges and Chances of Globalised Agriculture – Case Study: Coffee Cultivation in Colombia

Assignments (total 80 points for subject content):

Assignment 1 [22 Punkte]

Locate Colombia and characterize the natural conditions of coffee cultivation as well as how the coffee-growing areas are spatially distributed.

Assignment 2 [32 Punkte]

Illustrate how coffee cultivation in Colombia has developed, how it is structured and what significance it has.

Assignment 3 [26 Punkte]

Discuss to what extent changing production and trade structures are able to open up new prospects for Colombia's coffee sector.

Materialgrundlage

Doc. 1: Atlas – Maps of Your Choice

Refer to school atlas for topographies, relief, and climate zones of Colombia.

Doc. 2: Colombia – Socio-Economic Data

· 2011 · 2018

Population (million) · 46.9 · 50.3

rural (%) · 24.6 · 18.9

urban (%) · 75.4 · 81.1

GDP per capita (US$) · 6,240 · 6,642

GDP composition, by sector (%)

primary · 9 · 7

secondary · 38 · 32

tertiary · 53 · 61

Employment, by sector (%)

primary · 18 · 16

secondary · 13 · 19

tertiary · 69 · 65

Coffee sector

Coffee farmers (number), thereof: · 554,000 · 540,000

fair-trade coffee farmers · approx. 12,000 · approx. 70,000

Total number of employees in coffee sector · approx. 4,000,000 · approx. 4,000,000

Share of coffee in foreign trade (%) · 5 · 4.3

Doc. 3: Colombia – Coffee Cultivation Areas

Doc. 4: Cali – Climate

Doc. 5: Coffee – General Information

crop with cherry-like fruit

bush or small tree, up to 2.5 m

labour-intensive care and picking of fruit

high loss in yield caused by fluctuating climate conditions, insect infestations and leaf diseases

harvesting possible with plants aged between four and 20 years

Main varieties: · Arabica · Robusta

Optimum temperature (°C) · 18 – 25 · about 26

Minimum temperature (°C) · 0 · 8

Precipitation requirements (mm) · 1,000 – 2,000 · 1,500 – 2,000

Altitude (m) · 400 – 1,200 · 0 – 900

Maturation period (months) · 6 – 8 · 9 – 11

Yield per hectare (kg) · 820 · 1,450

World market share (%) · 60 · 36

World market price US cents / pound* (2020) · 168 · 73

* unit of weight equal to 453.592 g

Doc. 6: Coffee Cultivation in Colombia – Facts and Figures

Coffee farms

Size (ha) · Number · Share of total production (%)

0 – 0.9 · 364,300 · 15.1 %

1 – 4.9 · 172,200 · 40.5 %

5 – 9.9 · 20,100 · 16.8 %

10 – 20 · 6,900 · 13.0 %

> 20 · 2,800 · 14.6 %

* 98 % Arabica. Note: share of fair-trade coffee in total production approx. 1 % in 2002 and approx. 5 % in 2018.

Doc. 7: Coffee Sector in Colombia – Income

* inflation-adjusted; COP = Colombian Peso (10,000,000 COP = €2,200)

Doc. 8: Characteristics of Fair Production and Trade Structures

Standard · Description · Criteria

Fair-trade · The fair-trade label is primarily a label certifying social standards but neither an exclusive standard for cultivation nor an independent label certifying environmental standards. It aims at improving trading conditions for producers. · guaranteed minimum prices

humane working conditions

establishing long-term trade relations

supporting community projects

Fair-trade + organic · In addition to the criteria certified by the fair-trade label, the organic label sets very high standards in environmentally sustainable cultivation and processing. · ban on artificial substances

protection of soil quality

use of natural fertilizers and pesticides

Note: market share of fair-trade and fair-trade organic coffee in Germany 2019: 6.7 %. Cooperatives are joint enterprises for coffee farmers.