Examen de Inglés PAU Valencia 2024 · Extraordinaria solapamiento

TEXT A/TEXTO A

WHAT EXACTLY IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we work, play, and communicate. While AI has potential to help solve complex problems, you’ve likely also heard serious concerns about it and especially, the ways AI might change the lives of children and teens. With so many viewpoints out there, how can you make sense of AI and its possible impact on us? Let’s start by looking at how AI works and what issues parents and families may need to consider as the technology evolves.

AI is modeled on the human brain -how we gather facts, descriptions, comments, images and much more and make sense of it all to complete a specific task. The difference is that AI draws the input together, sorting it and making it immediately accessible to us. However, unlike human knowledge, it doesn’t have the ability to connect new information to all of our other life experiences.

AI technology has been in development since the mid-1950s. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, though, AI-driven tools are quickly becoming part of our everyday lives. For example, when you contact customer service, AI may help answer your questions. When you explore international news, the words you hear or read may be translated into your preferred language by AI. In your doctor’s office, an AI speech recognition program may help the medical team take notes and update your chart. On a larger scale, AI is used to study traffic safety and flow, for example, and analyze health risks in large populations.

Adapted from an article by Tiffany Munzer, American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media, 31-1-2024.

A1. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2 points: 1 point each)

a.

What is the difference between AI and the human brain?

b.

In which five areas can you find examples of AI being used?

TEXT A/TEXTO A

WHAT EXACTLY IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we work, play, and communicate. While AI has potential to help solve complex problems, you’ve likely also heard serious concerns about it and especially, the ways AI might change the lives of children and teens. With so many viewpoints out there, how can you make sense of AI and its possible impact on us? Let’s start by looking at how AI works and what issues parents and families may need to consider as the technology evolves.

AI is modeled on the human brain -how we gather facts, descriptions, comments, images and much more and make sense of it all to complete a specific task. The difference is that AI draws the input together, sorting it and making it immediately accessible to us. However, unlike human knowledge, it doesn’t have the ability to connect new information to all of our other life experiences.

AI technology has been in development since the mid-1950s. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, though, AI-driven tools are quickly becoming part of our everyday lives. For example, when you contact customer service, AI may help answer your questions. When you explore international news, the words you hear or read may be translated into your preferred language by AI. In your doctor’s office, an AI speech recognition program may help the medical team take notes and update your chart. On a larger scale, AI is used to study traffic safety and flow, for example, and analyze health risks in large populations.

Adapted from an article by Tiffany Munzer, American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media, 31-1-2024.

A2. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)

a.

The use of AI helps in solving many problems and creates none.

True (T)

False (F)

b.

AI has the potential to establish links between new input and previous knowledge.

True (T)

False (F)

c.

AI is useful to analyze traffic fluidity.

True (T)

False (F)

TEXT A/TEXTO A

WHAT EXACTLY IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we work, play, and communicate. While AI has potential to help solve complex problems, you’ve likely also heard serious concerns about it and especially, the ways AI might change the lives of children and teens. With so many viewpoints out there, how can you make sense of AI and its possible impact on us? Let’s start by looking at how AI works and what issues parents and families may need to consider as the technology evolves.

AI is modeled on the human brain -how we gather facts, descriptions, comments, images and much more and make sense of it all to complete a specific task. The difference is that AI draws the input together, sorting it and making it immediately accessible to us. However, unlike human knowledge, it doesn’t have the ability to connect new information to all of our other life experiences.

AI technology has been in development since the mid-1950s. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, though, AI-driven tools are quickly becoming part of our everyday lives. For example, when you contact customer service, AI may help answer your questions. When you explore international news, the words you hear or read may be translated into your preferred language by AI. In your doctor’s office, an AI speech recognition program may help the medical team take notes and update your chart. On a larger scale, AI is used to study traffic safety and flow, for example, and analyze health risks in large populations.

Adapted from an article by Tiffany Munzer, American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media, 31-1-2024.

A3. Find a synonym for each of the four words below from these six options. All words are underlined in the text (1 point: 0.25 each)

concerns

teens

viewpoints

issues

breakthroughs

risks

a.

discoveries:

b.

perspectives:

c.

dangers:

d.

worries:

TEXT A/TEXTO A

WHAT EXACTLY IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we work, play, and communicate. While AI has potential to help solve complex problems, you’ve likely also heard serious concerns about it and especially, the ways AI might change the lives of children and teens. With so many viewpoints out there, how can you make sense of AI and its possible impact on us? Let’s start by looking at how AI works and what issues parents and families may need to consider as the technology evolves.

AI is modeled on the human brain -how we gather facts, descriptions, comments, images and much more and make sense of it all to complete a specific task. The difference is that AI draws the input together, sorting it and making it immediately accessible to us. However, unlike human knowledge, it doesn’t have the ability to connect new information to all of our other life experiences.

AI technology has been in development since the mid-1950s. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, though, AI-driven tools are quickly becoming part of our everyday lives. For example, when you contact customer service, AI may help answer your questions. When you explore international news, the words you hear or read may be translated into your preferred language by AI. In your doctor’s office, an AI speech recognition program may help the medical team take notes and update your chart. On a larger scale, AI is used to study traffic safety and flow, for example, and analyze health risks in large populations.

Adapted from an article by Tiffany Munzer, American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media, 31-1-2024.

A4. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)

1.

AI collects data and...

)

2.

AI started to develop...

)

3.

AI is also used to translate...

)

Part II. Composition (130 to 150 words approximately) [4 points]

A5.

What are the pros and cons of Artificial Intelligence? Give reasons.

TEXT B/TEXTO B

HANGING OUT WITH FRIENDS, A PASTIME WE'RE AT RISK OF LOSING

We spend more time online. We socialise less. Our mental health is getting worse. These three trends have been obvious for some time but now more evidence is linking them. This is a crisis, and we will need to solve it. What, exactly, has happened to hanging out?

Much has been written on the idea that, being glued to our phones, with some social needs thereby fulfilled, we have less time to see our friends in real life. But hanging out has not just been displaced but devalued. We think it is less important, less prestigious. Real-life socialising has dropped sharply in status. It is true, too, for the rest of us, particularly teenagers and generation Z. It has become fashionable for young people to describe themselves as introverts who suffer from social anxiety.

People film themselves alone in their bedrooms. I remember when this sort of thing would brand you as a loser. Now it's the extrovert who looks like the odd one out. This is of course, in one sense, very convenient: for introverts, the world has become a more accepting place, and the internet has created friendly spaces for people who have not always had it easy offline.

But online, social lives are rendered as data, points to accumulate. Simply spending time with friends doesn't create social "value" in the way we have learned to think of it. In an online world that values the production of content, hanging out with friends is a profoundly unproductive thing to do.

Adapted from an article by Martha Gill, The Observer, 18-2-2024.

B1. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2 points: 1 point each)

a)

Why do we spend less time with friends offline?

b)

Why is not hanging out beneficial to introverts?

TEXT B/TEXTO B

HANGING OUT WITH FRIENDS, A PASTIME WE'RE AT RISK OF LOSING

We spend more time online. We socialise less. Our mental health is getting worse. These three trends have been obvious for some time but now more evidence is linking them. This is a crisis, and we will need to solve it. What, exactly, has happened to hanging out?

Much has been written on the idea that, being glued to our phones, with some social needs thereby fulfilled, we have less time to see our friends in real life. But hanging out has not just been displaced but devalued. We think it is less important, less prestigious. Real-life socialising has dropped sharply in status. It is true, too, for the rest of us, particularly teenagers and generation Z. It has become fashionable for young people to describe themselves as introverts who suffer from social anxiety.

People film themselves alone in their bedrooms. I remember when this sort of thing would brand you as a loser. Now it's the extrovert who looks like the odd one out. This is of course, in one sense, very convenient: for introverts, the world has become a more accepting place, and the internet has created friendly spaces for people who have not always had it easy offline.

But online, social lives are rendered as data, points to accumulate. Simply spending time with friends doesn't create social "value" in the way we have learned to think of it. In an online world that values the production of content, hanging out with friends is a profoundly unproductive thing to do.

Adapted from an article by Martha Gill, The Observer, 18-2-2024.

B2. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by copying the exact passage on the answer sheet. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)

TEXT B/TEXTO B

HANGING OUT WITH FRIENDS, A PASTIME WE'RE AT RISK OF LOSING

We spend more time online. We socialise less. Our mental health is getting worse. These three trends have been obvious for some time but now more evidence is linking them. This is a crisis, and we will need to solve it. What, exactly, has happened to hanging out?

Much has been written on the idea that, being glued to our phones, with some social needs thereby fulfilled, we have less time to see our friends in real life. But hanging out has not just been displaced but devalued. We think it is less important, less prestigious. Real-life socialising has dropped sharply in status. It is true, too, for the rest of us, particularly teenagers and generation Z. It has become fashionable for young people to describe themselves as introverts who suffer from social anxiety.

People film themselves alone in their bedrooms. I remember when this sort of thing would brand you as a loser. Now it's the extrovert who looks like the odd one out. This is of course, in one sense, very convenient: for introverts, the world has become a more accepting place, and the internet has created friendly spaces for people who have not always had it easy offline.

But online, social lives are rendered as data, points to accumulate. Simply spending time with friends doesn't create social "value" in the way we have learned to think of it. In an online world that values the production of content, hanging out with friends is a profoundly unproductive thing to do.

Adapted from an article by Martha Gill, The Observer, 18-2-2024.

B3. Find a synonym for each of the four words below from these six options. All words are underlined in the text (1 point: 0.25 each)

glued | thereby | displaced | fashionable | sort | brand

a)

label:

b)

stuck:

c)

consequently:

d)

trendy:

TEXT B/TEXTO B

HANGING OUT WITH FRIENDS, A PASTIME WE'RE AT RISK OF LOSING

We spend more time online. We socialise less. Our mental health is getting worse. These three trends have been obvious for some time but now more evidence is linking them. This is a crisis, and we will need to solve it. What, exactly, has happened to hanging out?

Much has been written on the idea that, being glued to our phones, with some social needs thereby fulfilled, we have less time to see our friends in real life. But hanging out has not just been displaced but devalued. We think it is less important, less prestigious. Real-life socialising has dropped sharply in status. It is true, too, for the rest of us, particularly teenagers and generation Z. It has become fashionable for young people to describe themselves as introverts who suffer from social anxiety.

People film themselves alone in their bedrooms. I remember when this sort of thing would brand you as a loser. Now it's the extrovert who looks like the odd one out. This is of course, in one sense, very convenient: for introverts, the world has become a more accepting place, and the internet has created friendly spaces for people who have not always had it easy offline.

But online, social lives are rendered as data, points to accumulate. Simply spending time with friends doesn't create social "value" in the way we have learned to think of it. In an online world that values the production of content, hanging out with friends is a profoundly unproductive thing to do.

Adapted from an article by Martha Gill, The Observer, 18-2-2024.

B4. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct. (1.5 points: 0.5 each)

.

Part II. Composition (130 to 150 words approximately) (4 points)

B5.

Do you think that just spending time and hanging out with friends is important?