Examen de Inglés PAU Navarra 2021 · Extraordinaria

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT GENERATION Z

Aged between eight and 23 years old, generation Z or the post-millennial generation will lead the world in a few decades. Also labelled as centennials, for having been born into the world at the turn of the century — the oldest were born in 1995 and the youngest in 2010 — they arrived with a tablet and a smartphone under their arms. What makes them different from the millennials?

A distinct difference between Gen Z and millennials can be seen in the difference between technology addiction vs. technology fluency. Gen Z’ers are significantly more dependent on technology, while millennials would be considered technology-fluent: they possessed an inherent, intuitive understanding of technology and how to use it but were not hooked on it. Gen Z’ers go far beyond fluency, they view their mobile devices as “extensions” of themselves, they can feel anxiety without them and they use their devices to the extent that their use causes them to lose sleep. The internet is part of their DNA: it storms into their homes, their education and their way of socializing. They are unable to imagine a world without technology.

Another difference is that Gen Z’s mastery of technologies may make them neglect their interpersonal relationships to a greater extent. On the other hand, Gen Z members are the ones who give more of a voice to social causes. Compared to the millennials, they have a much more definite idea about equality and racial and cultural diversity because that is what they have grown up with. Neither race, sexual orientation nor religion are identifying characteristics for them. People are just people to Gen Z. Gen Z is more likely to judge someone for what you are, rather than for who you are.

Similarly, Generation Z is also much more demanding in relation to sustainability. When they went to school there was a great deal of focus on that area and they grew up with an environmentally-friendly mindset, the result being they see it as a major determining factor when it comes to consumption. So much so that they demand that brands exhibit genuine environmental commitment rather than being taken in by empty posturing.

1. Answer these questions about the text. Use your own words wherever possible (2 points, 1 each).

a)

What's the difference between technology addiction and technology fluency?

b)

How does Generation Z see diversity? Why?

1. Answer these questions about the text. Use your own words wherever possible [2 points; 1 point each].

a.

How does affection work on oxytocin and cortisol?

b.

Explain Dr Loren Olso’s reflection.

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT GENERATION Z

Aged between eight and 23 years old, generation Z or the post-millennial generation will lead the world in a few decades. Also labelled as centennials, for having been born into the world at the turn of the century — the oldest were born in 1995 and the youngest in 2010 — they arrived with a tablet and a smartphone under their arms. What makes them different from the millennials?

A distinct difference between Gen Z and millennials can be seen in the difference between technology addiction vs. technology fluency. Gen Z’ers are significantly more dependent on technology, while millennials would be considered technology-fluent: they possessed an inherent, intuitive understanding of technology and how to use it but were not hooked on it. Gen Z’ers go far beyond fluency, they view their mobile devices as “extensions” of themselves, they can feel anxiety without them and they use their devices to the extent that their use causes them to lose sleep. The internet is part of their DNA: it storms into their homes, their education and their way of socializing. They are unable to imagine a world without technology.

Another difference is that Gen Z’s mastery of technologies may make them neglect their interpersonal relationships to a greater extent. On the other hand, Gen Z members are the ones who give more of a voice to social causes. Compared to the millennials, they have a much more definite idea about equality and racial and cultural diversity because that is what they have grown up with. Neither race, sexual orientation nor religion are identifying characteristics for them. People are just people to Gen Z. Gen Z is more likely to judge someone for what you are, rather than for who you are.

Similarly, Generation Z is also much more demanding in relation to sustainability. When they went to school there was a great deal of focus on that area and they grew up with an environmentally-friendly mindset, the result being they see it as a major determining factor when it comes to consumption. So much so that they demand that brands exhibit genuine environmental commitment rather than being taken in by empty posturing.

2. Read the following statements, decide whether they are true or false and justify your answer by quoting evidence from the text (1 point, 0.50 each).

a.

Millennials may neglect their interpersonal relationships but not as much as Gen Z'ers.

b.

When members of generation Z were children environmental issues were barely present.

2. Read the following statements, decide whether they are true or false and justify your answer by quoting evidence from the text [1 point; 0,50 each].

a.

The benefits of cuddles can be obtained from animals and people alike.

TRUE

FALSE

b.

Many people are still suffering the consequences of the lack of hug and touch generated by the pandemic.

TRUE

FALSE

WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT GENERATION Z

Aged between eight and 23 years old, generation Z or the post-millennial generation will lead the world in a few decades. Also labelled as centennials, for having been born into the world at the turn of the century — the oldest were born in 1995 and the youngest in 2010 — they arrived with a tablet and a smartphone under their arms. What makes them different from the millennials?

A distinct difference between Gen Z and millennials can be seen in the difference between technology addiction vs. technology fluency. Gen Z’ers are significantly more dependent on technology, while millennials would be considered technology-fluent: they possessed an inherent, intuitive understanding of technology and how to use it but were not hooked on it. Gen Z’ers go far beyond fluency, they view their mobile devices as “extensions” of themselves, they can feel anxiety without them and they use their devices to the extent that their use causes them to lose sleep. The internet is part of their DNA: it storms into their homes, their education and their way of socializing. They are unable to imagine a world without technology.

Another difference is that Gen Z’s mastery of technologies may make them neglect their interpersonal relationships to a greater extent. On the other hand, Gen Z members are the ones who give more of a voice to social causes. Compared to the millennials, they have a much more definite idea about equality and racial and cultural diversity because that is what they have grown up with. Neither race, sexual orientation nor religion are identifying characteristics for them. People are just people to Gen Z. Gen Z is more likely to judge someone for what you are, rather than for who you are.

Similarly, Generation Z is also much more demanding in relation to sustainability. When they went to school there was a great deal of focus on that area and they grew up with an environmentally-friendly mindset, the result being they see it as a major determining factor when it comes to consumption. So much so that they demand that brands exhibit genuine environmental commitment rather than being taken in by empty posturing.

3. Find in the text the word or group of words which match these definitions (1 point, 0.20 each).

3. Find in the text the word or group of words which match these definitions [1 point; 0,20 each].

a.

Increase, improve (paragraph 1).

b.

Illnesses, usually not serious or very dangerous (paragraph 2).

c.

A link, a connection, a strong feeling of love that unites people (paragraph 2).

d.

Cry, weep, feel very sad because someone you loved has died (paragraph 3).

e.

Not allowed, especially by law (paragraph 3).

4. Complete the text using the correct words from the box below. There are 2 words that you won't need (2 points, 0.25 each).

EVERY • MUCH • ELSE • DESPITE • MOST • HIGHEST • THEMSELVES • HAVE TO • MAY • ALTHOUGH

Members of Gen Z are very competitive in (a)

areas of life. Not only do they want to get the (b)

paying jobs, they also want to win (c)

debate and sporting event. Competition (d)

be against others or with (e)

and patience is a lost art with Gen Z, knowing they (f)

act quickly to get what they want fearing someone (g)

may beat them. Unlike previous generations, this group is also actively engaged in political conversations (h)

many of them not yet being able to vote.

4. Complete the text using the correct words from the box below. There are 2 words that you won't need [2 points; 0,25 each].

LIKE

BESIDES

TO EAT

MIGHT

LESS

FEWER

RELEASED

WHICH

EATING

ALTHOUGH

Here are some of the benefits kisses and hugs can have: oxytocin is one of several appetite-related hormones

(a)

when we are full, telling our brain and body to stop

(b)

.

So, when oxytocin is cued by hugging, kissing, and holding hands, it has the same effects as oxytocin cued by a well-rounded meal – that is, you feel

(c)

you've eaten, and are therefore

(d)

likely to reach for a snack or another bite.

(e)

,

higher levels of oxytocin have been linked to falling asleep quickly and staying asleep. This

(f)

be a side effect of the hormone's ability to regulate sleep patterns,

(g)

some studies attribute to a lot of other benefits including

(h)

nightmares.

5. Write a composition of around 150-200 words on ONE of the following topics (4 points).

a.

Write an essay describing your generation. You can talk about different issues: technology, ideology, lifestyle, culture, education, personal relationships, etc.

5. Write a composition of around 150-200 words on ONE of the following topics (4 points).

b.

Imagine that a friend of yours suffered discrimination some years ago (it could be sexual, racial, economical...). Tell his or her story.

5. Write a composition of around 150-200 words on ONE of the following topics (4 points):

a. Write an e-mail to a friend describing your experience during the Coronavirus lockdown. Explain how it affected you and yours and the lessons you have learnt from it.

5. Write a composition of around 150-200 words on ONE of the following topics (4 points):

b. Are online relationships (by WhatsApp, Skype, Facebook...) better than face-to-face ones? Write a for and against essay on this topic.