Examen de Inglés PAU Madrid 2024 · Ordinaria Coincidencias

TEXTO A

Does Listening to Music Stimulate Creative Thinking?

Listening to music while working may affect your creativity, according to a study conducted in 2000. This study looked at how different types of background music influence creative problem-solving. Participants did word puzzles in both quiet and music-filled settings, and, on average, their creativity scores were lower when music had been played. Therefore, the study questioned the idea that background music boosts creativity.

However, the relationship between music and creativity is not straightforward and can depend on the creative task the person is dealing with. In a study from 2022, researchers found that happy music helped with thinking of innovative ideas because it encourages flexible thinking. Another key issue found is that music can reduce anxiety and improve our state of mind, which can help with creative insights. A positive mood is generally good for creative breakthroughs. Conversely, anxiety tends to encourage intense focus, which isn't great for creativity.

Creative problem-solving usually involves different stages. After analyzing a problem and realizing that typical solutions don't work, the brain needs to shift focus to make room for new ideas. This is where music can be useful. Music can act as a mild distraction, relaxing the mind's focus at the same time that it facilitates a creative mindset. This often leads to "aha!" moments.

The type of music that can boost creativity varies among individuals. In most cases, pleasant and familiar music (not so new that it might become a distraction) can be helpful when seeking inspiration during problem-solving. So, if you find yourself blocked, try listening to some nice, familiar tunes.

Adapted from “Does Listening to Music Stimulate Creative Thinking, or Stifle It?” Time.com, July 16, 2019. <https://time.com/5626958/music-creative-thinking/>

QUESTIONS

A.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

At the beginning of the century, a study confirmed that background music improves creative skills.

TRUE

FALSE

b)

A deep state of concentration is good for being creative.

TRUE

FALSE

A.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

What did a recent study discover regarding joyful music?

b)

What type of music is beneficial for most people to foster creativity?

TEXTO A

Does Listening to Music Stimulate Creative Thinking?

Listening to music while working may affect your creativity, according to a study conducted in 2000. This study looked at how different types of background music influence creative problem-solving. Participants did word puzzles in both quiet and music-filled settings, and, on average, their creativity scores were lower when music had been played. Therefore, the study questioned the idea that background music boosts creativity.

However, the relationship between music and creativity is not straightforward and can depend on the creative task the person is dealing with. In a study from 2022, researchers found that happy music helped with thinking of innovative ideas because it encourages flexible thinking. Another key issue found is that music can reduce anxiety and improve our state of mind, which can help with creative insights. A positive mood is generally good for creative breakthroughs. Conversely, anxiety tends to encourage intense focus, which isn't great for creativity.

Creative problem-solving usually involves different stages. After analyzing a problem and realizing that typical solutions don't work, the brain needs to shift focus to make room for new ideas. This is where music can be useful. Music can act as a mild distraction, relaxing the mind's focus at the same time that it facilitates a creative mindset. This often leads to "aha!" moments.

The type of music that can boost creativity varies among individuals. In most cases, pleasant and familiar music (not so new that it might become a distraction) can be helpful when seeking inspiration during problem-solving. So, if you find yourself blocked, try listening to some nice, familiar tunes.

Adapted from “Does Listening to Music Stimulate Creative Thinking, or Stifle It?” Time.com, July 16, 2019. <https://time.com/5626958/music-creative-thinking/>

A.3.- Find the words in the text that mean: (Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

a)

carried out (paragraph 1):

b)

direct (paragraph 2):

c)

decrease (paragraph 2):

d)

slight (paragraph 3):

A.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

a)

I remember

(listen) to music every time I was doing my homework, even when it was clearly not being

(use).

b)

The interest in music

(show) by scholars is mainly related to its possible effect

our creativity and problem-solving skills.

c)

By 2030, artists

(use) AI for years to create

(enjoy) melodies and lyrics.

d)

I

(high) recommend that band

song was used in the commercial.

A.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

What do you do to prepare for your exams? Explain.

TEXTO B

UNESCO Calls for Regulations on AI Use in Schools

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, have recently been made available to the public. These apps can create automated text, images, videos, music, and even software code. All these platforms have been improving quickly and are already used by millions of people worldwide, including many students. However, very few countries have established rules to ensure the safe and ethical use of these AI tools.

Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) mentioned “using AI in education should not happen without involving the public and a serious analysis of its implications, as well as creating the necessary protections and rules by the governments.” She stressed that “AI can bring great opportunities for human development, but it can also be harmful and lead to unfair treatment.”

Consequently, UNESCO has created some guidelines that can help international leaders formulate specific regulations. The major goal for these common recommendations is to ensure a similar approach to the matter internationally. This will allow teachers to make the most of the many advantages of AI while prioritizing the interests of learners.

UNESCO's guidance is the first effort to set a global standard. It suggests prompt actions that can be taken to make certain that technology serves people's needs. This includes requiring the protection of data privacy and considering that AI tools should only be used in the classroom by those above the age of 13. The recommendations also outline that AI providers should safeguard that AI is used not only effectively but also ethically. Finally, the guidelines emphasize the importance of educational institutions testing AI systems to confirm they are suitable for students.

Adapted from “UNESCO Calls for Regulations on AI Use in Schools,” UN News, September 7, 2023. <https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/09/1140477>

QUESTIONS

B.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

AI tools are currently widely used, even among students.

TRUE

FALSE

b)

UNESCO's guidelines recommend AI tools in the classroom regardless of the user's age.

TRUE

FALSE

B.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text.

(Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

Why does Audrey Azoulay emphasize the importance of involving the public and governments in regulating AI?

b)

What are the expected effects of UNESCO's guidelines in schools?

TEXTO B

UNESCO Calls for Regulations on AI Use in Schools

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, have recently been made available to the public. These apps can create automated text, images, videos, music, and even software code. All these platforms have been improving quickly and are already used by millions of people worldwide, including many students. However, very few countries have established rules to ensure the safe and ethical use of these AI tools.

Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) mentioned “using AI in education should not happen without involving the public and a serious analysis of its implications, as well as creating the necessary protections and rules by the governments.” She stressed that “AI can bring great opportunities for human development, but it can also be harmful and lead to unfair treatment.”

Consequently, UNESCO has created some guidelines that can help international leaders formulate specific regulations. The major goal for these common recommendations is to ensure a similar approach to the matter internationally. This will allow teachers to make the most of the many advantages of AI while prioritizing the interests of learners.

UNESCO's guidance is the first effort to set a global standard. It suggests prompt actions that can be taken to make certain that technology serves people's needs. This includes requiring the protection of data privacy and considering that AI tools should only be used in the classroom by those above the age of 13. The recommendations also outline that AI providers should safeguard that AI is used not only effectively but also ethically. Finally, the guidelines emphasize the importance of educational institutions testing AI systems to confirm they are suitable for students.

Adapted from “UNESCO Calls for Regulations on AI Use in Schools,” UN News, September 7, 2023. <https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/09/1140477>

B.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:

(Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

a)

b)

c)

d)

B.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

a)

In January 2023, ChatGPT was already reaching 100 million active users

(month). This made it the fastest growing application

history.

b)

If we

(apply) Artificial Intelligence in healthcare in the upcoming years, many diseases will be detected much

(early) than nowadays.

c)

Future AI tools,

are currently being developed, will bring about

(relevance) changes in diverse sectors.

Complete the following sentence to report what was said:

d)

"AI will raise ethical concerns in our country," the analysts claimed.

B.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

In your opinion, should schools and universities forbid the use of AI? Justify your answer.

[Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos]