Examen de Inglés PAU Madrid 2022 · Modelo

TEXTO A

The Future of Jobs and Skills

Students entering formal education today will be making decisions about their career by 2030, so the future of jobs and skills is a key issue in education. Many people seem to know what the future will be: Robots will take our jobs.

Nowadays, anxiety about workers being replaced by robots is increasing, although fear of automation and technologically-driven unemployment have arisen throughout the centuries, usually provoked by a disruption, like the Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless, historically, technology has created more jobs than it has destroyed. We don't know if it will be different this time, but we know that automation is only part of the story.

Equally important are other related trends including demographics, urbanization, globalization, inequality, political uncertainty, and climate change. For instance, urbanization and globalization are trends that interact with climate change and drive the green sector. Currently the green economy is creating new jobs faster than jobs are disappearing in the polluting sectors. Understanding how these trends interact is critical to understanding the jobs and skills needed in the future.

Recent studies have found out that 70% of workers are in jobs with uncertain future, and this must be improved with the right skills preparation. For instance, in the US there is strong emphasis on interpersonal skills – teaching, social perceptiveness, service orientation, and persuasion – and higher-order cognitive skills such as complex problem solving, originality, and active learning. Besides, occupations must be re-designed to pair uniquely human skills with the productivity gains from technology. For example, while robots will be able to build bridges and diagnose diseases, humans will retain the unique ability to engineer a bridge and care for a sick child. How we balance those skills with technology productivity will determine the course of our workforce.

Adapted from “The Future of Skills,” Pearson Future Skills Research, November 21, 2020. <https://futureskills.pearson.com/research/#homescreen>

QUESTIONS

A.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

What we study today will be relevant for our future profession.

b)

According to research, over three quarters of workers will have to upgrade their abilities.

A.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

What’s the historical relationship between technology and jobs?

b)

How is climate change affecting jobs?

TEXTO A

The Future of Jobs and Skills

Students entering formal education today will be making decisions about their career by 2030, so the future of jobs and skills is a key issue in education. Many people seem to know what the future will be: Robots will take our jobs.

Nowadays, anxiety about workers being replaced by robots is increasing, although fear of automation and technologically-driven unemployment have arisen throughout the centuries, usually provoked by a disruption, like the Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless, historically, technology has created more jobs than it has destroyed. We don't know if it will be different this time, but we know that automation is only part of the story.

Equally important are other related trends including demographics, urbanization, globalization, inequality, political uncertainty, and climate change. For instance, urbanization and globalization are trends that interact with climate change and drive the green sector. Currently the green economy is creating new jobs faster than jobs are disappearing in the polluting sectors. Understanding how these trends interact is critical to understanding the jobs and skills needed in the future.

Recent studies have found out that 70% of workers are in jobs with uncertain future, and this must be improved with the right skills preparation. For instance, in the US there is strong emphasis on interpersonal skills – teaching, social perceptiveness, service orientation, and persuasion – and higher-order cognitive skills such as complex problem solving, originality, and active learning. Besides, occupations must be re-designed to pair uniquely human skills with the productivity gains from technology. For example, while robots will be able to build bridges and diagnose diseases, humans will retain the unique ability to engineer a bridge and care for a sick child. How we balance those skills with technology productivity will determine the course of our workforce.

Adapted from “The Future of Skills,” Pearson Future Skills Research, November 21, 2020. <https://futureskills.pearson.com/research/#homescreen>

A.3.- Find the words in the text that mean: (Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

a)

b)

c)

d)

A.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

Throughout centuries, people (be) afraid of changes, are totally necessary for our progress.

b)

To improve employability, workers need to focus on (learn) new skills that differentiate them robots.

c)

Courses dealing interpersonal skills are becoming increasingly popular because they are not interesting but also useful for job seekers.

d)

Complete the following sentence to report what was said.

“Did the number of jobs in the green sector increase last year?”

Advisors asked.

A.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic. (Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos)

Do you think there are jobs more suitable for robots than for humans? Discuss.

Respuesta guardada. Consulta los criterios de corrección oficiales abajo para evaluar tu redacción.

TEXTO B

Social Media and Mental Health

The rise of social media has meant that people are more connected than we have ever been in the history of time. But our reliance on social media can have a detrimental effect on our mental health, with the average British person checking their phone as much as 28 times a day. While social media platforms can have their benefits, using them too frequently can make you feel increasingly unhappy and isolated in the long run. The constant bombardment of perfectly filtered photos that appear on Instagram are bound to knock many people's self-esteem. In addition, obsessively checking your Twitter feed just before bed could be contributing towards poor quality of sleep.

Social media can be great for looking back fondly on memories and recounting how past events occurred. However, it can also distort the way in which you remember certain pleasing things from your life. Many of us are guilty of spending far too much time trying to take the perfect photo of a visual marvel, all the while not actually absorbing the first-hand experience of witnessing it with your own two eyes. "If we direct all of our attention toward capturing the best shots for our social media followers to admire, less will be available to enjoy other aspects of the experience in real time," said Dr Bono.

Not only has social media been proven to cause unhappiness, but it can also lead to the development of mental health issues such as anxiety or depression when used too much or without caution. In March 2018, it was reported that more than a third of Generation Z from a survey of 1,000 individuals stated that they were quitting social media for good as 41 per cent stated that social media platforms make them feel anxious, sad or depressed.

Adapted from "Six Ways Social Media Negatively Affect your Mental Health," The Independent, October 7, 2020. <https://bit.ly/3k7zstl>

QUESTIONS

B.1.- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Copy the evidence from the text. Use a complete sentence. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

Instagram photos are likely to make people feel inferior.

TRUE

FALSE

b)

According to Dr Bono, excessive focus on taking the best pictures helps to enjoy life experiences.

TRUE

FALSE

B.2.- In your own words and based on the ideas in the text, answer the following questions. Do not copy from the text. (Puntuación máxima: 2 puntos)

a)

How can social media negatively affect your memories?

b)

What do statistics say about social media and Generation Z?

TEXTO B

Social Media and Mental Health

The rise of social media has meant that people are more connected than we have ever been in the history of time. But our reliance on social media can have a detrimental effect on our mental health, with the average British person checking their phone as much as 28 times a day. While social media platforms can have their benefits, using them too frequently can make you feel increasingly unhappy and isolated in the long run. The constant bombardment of perfectly filtered photos that appear on Instagram are bound to knock many people's self-esteem. In addition, obsessively checking your Twitter feed just before bed could be contributing towards poor quality of sleep.

Social media can be great for looking back fondly on memories and recounting how past events occurred. However, it can also distort the way in which you remember certain pleasing things from your life. Many of us are guilty of spending far too much time trying to take the perfect photo of a visual marvel, all the while not actually absorbing the first-hand experience of witnessing it with your own two eyes. "If we direct all of our attention toward capturing the best shots for our social media followers to admire, less will be available to enjoy other aspects of the experience in real time," said Dr Bono.

Not only has social media been proven to cause unhappiness, but it can also lead to the development of mental health issues such as anxiety or depression when used too much or without caution. In March 2018, it was reported that more than a third of Generation Z from a survey of 1,000 individuals stated that they were quitting social media for good as 41 per cent stated that social media platforms make them feel anxious, sad or depressed.

Adapted from "Six Ways Social Media Negatively Affect your Mental Health," The Independent, October 7, 2020. <https://bit.ly/3k7zstl>

B.3.- Find the words in the text that mean:

(Puntuación máxima: 1 punto)

a)

b)

c)

d)

B.4.- Complete the following sentences. Use the appropriate form of the word in brackets when given.

a)

more people overuse social media, the

(unhappy) they can feel.

b)

The best way to protect yourself

the dangers of social media is by

(not/provide) personal information.

c)

He is very active on Twitter,

many politicians see now

the best platform for communication.

d)

Complete the following sentence to report what is said:

"Enjoy every aspect of your life in real time", said Dr Bono.

Dr Bono tells us

B.5.- Write about 150 to 200 words on the following topic.

How have social media changed the way we live? Discuss.