Examen de Inglés PAU Castilla y León 2022 · Ordinaria

OPTION A

A LANDMARK RULING FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS

Corporations have enjoyed legal personhood since the 19th century. Now, it seems, they have company. A dispute over the fate of hippos in Colombia has given rise to a federal court ruling in Ohio that, for the first time in American law, recognises animals as people.

This should come as welcome news to the 100-plus hippos of Colombia's Magdalena river. They are the descendants of four hippos smuggled into the country by Pablo Escobar, a drug lord. After Escobar died in 1993, other specimens from his exotic collection of animals –ostriches, zebras, flamingos– found new homes in zoos. But the hippos were moved to the mud of Magdalena river and got to reproducing.

Hippos have begun wandering into villages, too –a potential peril for human persons. Last year the government considered a selective slaughter, prompting a Colombian lawyer to take up the cause. The hippos, his lawsuit says, enjoy protection under Colombian law and must not be killed.

Judge Karen Litkovitz, the federal judge in Ohio, does not get to decide the hippos’ fate. But on October 15th she agreed with the Animal Legal Defence Fund that the hippos are “interested persons” under a law permitting foreign litigants to gather evidence in America that may support their claims.

America is not the first country to regard animals as legal persons. An Indian court cited the constitution in banning a bullfighting festival in 2014. A judge in Argentina ruled that Sandra, an orangutan, was a non-human person eligible for better environs than her concrete enclosure in a Buenos Aires zoo; she now luxuriates in a sanctuary in Florida. In 2020 a court in Islamabad recognised the “right of each animal to live in an environment that meets the latter’s behavioural, social and physiological needs”.

It remains to be seen whether other American courts take Judge Litkovitz’s cue in cases such as that of Happy, an elephant at the Bronx Zoo who has shown signs of self-awareness and misery. In 2022 New York’s highest court will consider whether the court order of habeas corpus –protection from unjust imprisonment– applies to Happy. (Fragment adapted from The Economist.)

1) BRIEFLY ANSWER ONLY 4 OUT OF THE FOLLOWING 6 QUESTIONS WITH ONLY THE DATA REQUIRED (NOT A WHOLE SENTENCE) (2 POINTS; 0.5 POINTS EACH).

1.

What has a federal court in Ohio ruled for the first time?

2.

Where were the hippos moved to?

3.

What does the lawsuit say?

4.

What did Judge Litkovitz agree with the Animal Legal Defence Fund?

5.

Which were the rights recognized to animals by a court in Islamabad?

6.

Which are the signs shown by Happy?

OPTION A

A LANDMARK RULING FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS

Corporations have enjoyed legal personhood since the 19th century. Now, it seems, they have company. A dispute over the fate of hippos in Colombia has given rise to a federal court ruling in Ohio that, for the first time in American law, recognises animals as people.

This should come as welcome news to the 100-plus hippos of Colombia's Magdalena river. They are the descendants of four hippos smuggled into the country by Pablo Escobar, a drug lord. After Escobar died in 1993, other specimens from his exotic collection of animals –ostriches, zebras, flamingos– found new homes in zoos. But the hippos were moved to the mud of Magdalena river and got to reproducing.

Hippos have begun wandering into villages, too –a potential peril for human persons. Last year the government considered a selective slaughter, prompting a Colombian lawyer to take up the cause. The hippos, his lawsuit says, enjoy protection under Colombian law and must not be killed.

Judge Karen Litkovitz, the federal judge in Ohio, does not get to decide the hippos’ fate. But on October 15th she agreed with the Animal Legal Defence Fund that the hippos are “interested persons” under a law permitting foreign litigants to gather evidence in America that may support their claims.

America is not the first country to regard animals as legal persons. An Indian court cited the constitution in banning a bullfighting festival in 2014. A judge in Argentina ruled that Sandra, an orangutan, was a non-human person eligible for better environs than her concrete enclosure in a Buenos Aires zoo; she now luxuriates in a sanctuary in Florida. In 2020 a court in Islamabad recognised the “right of each animal to live in an environment that meets the latter’s behavioural, social and physiological needs”.

It remains to be seen whether other American courts take Judge Litkovitz’s cue in cases such as that of Happy, an elephant at the Bronx Zoo who has shown signs of self-awareness and misery. In 2022 New York’s highest court will consider whether the court order of habeas corpus –protection from unjust imprisonment– applies to Happy. (Fragment adapted from The Economist.)

2) ARE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? INDICATE THE LINES THAT SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER (1 POINT).

1.

Judge Karen Litkovitz is a federal judge in Colombia.

TRUE

FALSE

2.

Other courts in America have followed Judge Kitkovitz’s steps.

TRUE

FALSE

OPTION A

A LANDMARK RULING FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS

Corporations have enjoyed legal personhood since the 19th century. Now, it seems, they have company. A dispute over the fate of hippos in Colombia has given rise to a federal court ruling in Ohio that, for the first time in American law, recognises animals as people.

This should come as welcome news to the 100-plus hippos of Colombia's Magdalena river. They are the descendants of four hippos smuggled into the country by Pablo Escobar, a drug lord. After Escobar died in 1993, other specimens from his exotic collection of animals –ostriches, zebras, flamingos– found new homes in zoos. But the hippos were moved to the mud of Magdalena river and got to reproducing.

Hippos have begun wandering into villages, too –a potential peril for human persons. Last year the government considered a selective slaughter, prompting a Colombian lawyer to take up the cause. The hippos, his lawsuit says, enjoy protection under Colombian law and must not be killed.

Judge Karen Litkovitz, the federal judge in Ohio, does not get to decide the hippos’ fate. But on October 15th she agreed with the Animal Legal Defence Fund that the hippos are “interested persons” under a law permitting foreign litigants to gather evidence in America that may support their claims.

America is not the first country to regard animals as legal persons. An Indian court cited the constitution in banning a bullfighting festival in 2014. A judge in Argentina ruled that Sandra, an orangutan, was a non-human person eligible for better environs than her concrete enclosure in a Buenos Aires zoo; she now luxuriates in a sanctuary in Florida. In 2020 a court in Islamabad recognised the “right of each animal to live in an environment that meets the latter’s behavioural, social and physiological needs”.

It remains to be seen whether other American courts take Judge Litkovitz’s cue in cases such as that of Happy, an elephant at the Bronx Zoo who has shown signs of self-awareness and misery. In 2022 New York’s highest court will consider whether the court order of habeas corpus –protection from unjust imprisonment– applies to Happy. (Fragment adapted from The Economist.)

3) CHOOSE a OR b, ONLY ONE CHOICE IS CORRECT ACCORDING TO THE TEXT (1 POINT).

)

OPTION A

A LANDMARK RULING FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS

Corporations have enjoyed legal personhood since the 19th century. Now, it seems, they have company. A dispute over the fate of hippos in Colombia has given rise to a federal court ruling in Ohio that, for the first time in American law, recognises animals as people.

This should come as welcome news to the 100-plus hippos of Colombia's Magdalena river. They are the descendants of four hippos smuggled into the country by Pablo Escobar, a drug lord. After Escobar died in 1993, other specimens from his exotic collection of animals –ostriches, zebras, flamingos– found new homes in zoos. But the hippos were moved to the mud of Magdalena river and got to reproducing.

Hippos have begun wandering into villages, too –a potential peril for human persons. Last year the government considered a selective slaughter, prompting a Colombian lawyer to take up the cause. The hippos, his lawsuit says, enjoy protection under Colombian law and must not be killed.

Judge Karen Litkovitz, the federal judge in Ohio, does not get to decide the hippos’ fate. But on October 15th she agreed with the Animal Legal Defence Fund that the hippos are “interested persons” under a law permitting foreign litigants to gather evidence in America that may support their claims.

America is not the first country to regard animals as legal persons. An Indian court cited the constitution in banning a bullfighting festival in 2014. A judge in Argentina ruled that Sandra, an orangutan, was a non-human person eligible for better environs than her concrete enclosure in a Buenos Aires zoo; she now luxuriates in a sanctuary in Florida. In 2020 a court in Islamabad recognised the “right of each animal to live in an environment that meets the latter’s behavioural, social and physiological needs”.

It remains to be seen whether other American courts take Judge Litkovitz’s cue in cases such as that of Happy, an elephant at the Bronx Zoo who has shown signs of self-awareness and misery. In 2022 New York’s highest court will consider whether the court order of habeas corpus –protection from unjust imprisonment– applies to Happy. (Fragment adapted from The Economist.)

4) VOCABULARY (2 POINTS).

4.1

Choose one of the options below and find one word in the text for its definition (0.6 POINTS):

4.2

Find a synonym in the text for one of the two words below (0.6 POINTS):

4.3

For one of the following words from the text, give a synonym that fits the meaning of the text (0.8 POINTS):

5) WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC USING BETWEEN 120-150 WORDS (4 POINTS).

Should pets be treated as if they were family members? Justify your answer.

TWICE MOMO HIRAI DIET PLAN

Momo Hirai is a singer and dancer known for being part of the group Twice. Momo is from Japan, but she moved to South Korea to become a part of the Korean pop industry. Her journey started with being a Sixteen member, and then later, she found her spot on the group Twice. Momo is well known for different things, but her slender body shape stands out the most.

She is a K-pop idol and she always has to stay fit and healthy to make sure her career still keeps running. It’s something that every K-pop idol has to follow; you can’t be an idol if you are bulky or chubby in South Korea. To maintain her shape, Momo has gone through extreme measures in her diet.

Her story is infamous among Twice fans. During a live stream, Momo revealed that her agency, JYP Entertainment, forced her to lose fifteen pounds and stated that she would be unable to perform if she could not do it. Desperate, Momo quit eating altogether and survived off one ice cube a day for a week. Additionally, Momo went to the gym as much as she could.

This short but drastic diet was detrimental for her. She did not eat nor drink and even became too scared to swallow her own spit because she was afraid it would cause her to gain weight. Instead, she would spit out her saliva so that there would be no water in her body. In addition, she told her fellow Twice members that every time she went to bed, she would lay down and cry because she was afraid she would not wake up the following day.

Despite making a radical effort, Momo wasn’t able to lose the required pounds in seven days and eventually asked for three more days to reach the goal, which she was able to accomplish in the end.

This is just one instance of idols who have done extreme things to lose weight, only to fit the ridiculous standards upheld by their industry and society. (Fragment adapted from kpopstarz.com)

1) BRIEFLY ANSWER ONLY 4 OUT OF THE FOLLOWING 6 QUESTIONS WITH ONLY THE DATA REQUIRED (NOT A WHOLE SENTENCE) (2 POINTS; 0.5 POINTS EACH).

1.

Where is Momo from and where did she move to in order to become a singer and dancer?

2.

Why does she want to stay fit and healthy?

3.

Why did Momo go through extreme measures in her diet?

4.

What did JYP Entertainment force Momo to do to be able to perform on stage?

5.

What happened to Momo when she went to bed?

6.

Could Momo lose the required weight in seven days?

TWICE MOMO HIRAI DIET PLAN

Momo Hirai is a singer and dancer known for being part of the group Twice. Momo is from Japan, but she moved to South Korea to become a part of the Korean pop industry. Her journey started with being a Sixteen member, and then later, she found her spot on the group Twice. Momo is well known for different things, but her slender body shape stands out the most.

She is a K-pop idol and she always has to stay fit and healthy to make sure her career still keeps running. It’s something that every K-pop idol has to follow; you can’t be an idol if you are bulky or chubby in South Korea. To maintain her shape, Momo has gone through extreme measures in her diet.

Her story is infamous among Twice fans. During a live stream, Momo revealed that her agency, JYP Entertainment, forced her to lose fifteen pounds and stated that she would be unable to perform if she could not do it. Desperate, Momo quit eating altogether and survived off one ice cube a day for a week. Additionally, Momo went to the gym as much as she could.

This short but drastic diet was detrimental for her. She did not eat nor drink and even became too scared to swallow her own spit because she was afraid it would cause her to gain weight. Instead, she would spit out her saliva so that there would be no water in her body. In addition, she told her fellow Twice members that every time she went to bed, she would lay down and cry because she was afraid she would not wake up the following day.

Despite making a radical effort, Momo wasn’t able to lose the required pounds in seven days and eventually asked for three more days to reach the goal, which she was able to accomplish in the end.

This is just one instance of idols who have done extreme things to lose weight, only to fit the ridiculous standards upheld by their industry and society. (Fragment adapted from kpopstarz.com)

2) ARE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? INDICATE THE LINES THAT SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER (1 POINT).

1.

Momo ate one ice cube a day for seven days to get thinner.

TRUE

FALSE

2.

Momo used to swallow her saliva to get to lose weight.

TRUE

FALSE

TWICE MOMO HIRAI DIET PLAN

Momo Hirai is a singer and dancer known for being part of the group Twice. Momo is from Japan, but she moved to South Korea to become a part of the Korean pop industry. Her journey started with being a Sixteen member, and then later, she found her spot on the group Twice. Momo is well known for different things, but her slender body shape stands out the most.

She is a K-pop idol and she always has to stay fit and healthy to make sure her career still keeps running. It’s something that every K-pop idol has to follow; you can’t be an idol if you are bulky or chubby in South Korea. To maintain her shape, Momo has gone through extreme measures in her diet.

Her story is infamous among Twice fans. During a live stream, Momo revealed that her agency, JYP Entertainment, forced her to lose fifteen pounds and stated that she would be unable to perform if she could not do it. Desperate, Momo quit eating altogether and survived off one ice cube a day for a week. Additionally, Momo went to the gym as much as she could.

This short but drastic diet was detrimental for her. She did not eat nor drink and even became too scared to swallow her own spit because she was afraid it would cause her to gain weight. Instead, she would spit out her saliva so that there would be no water in her body. In addition, she told her fellow Twice members that every time she went to bed, she would lay down and cry because she was afraid she would not wake up the following day.

Despite making a radical effort, Momo wasn’t able to lose the required pounds in seven days and eventually asked for three more days to reach the goal, which she was able to accomplish in the end.

This is just one instance of idols who have done extreme things to lose weight, only to fit the ridiculous standards upheld by their industry and society. (Fragment adapted from kpopstarz.com)

3) CHOOSE a OR b, ONLY ONE CHOICE IS CORRECT ACCORDING TO THE TEXT (1 POINT).

)

TWICE MOMO HIRAI DIET PLAN

Momo Hirai is a singer and dancer known for being part of the group Twice. Momo is from Japan, but she moved to South Korea to become a part of the Korean pop industry. Her journey started with being a Sixteen member, and then later, she found her spot on the group Twice. Momo is well known for different things, but her slender body shape stands out the most.

She is a K-pop idol and she always has to stay fit and healthy to make sure her career still keeps running. It’s something that every K-pop idol has to follow; you can’t be an idol if you are bulky or chubby in South Korea. To maintain her shape, Momo has gone through extreme measures in her diet.

Her story is infamous among Twice fans. During a live stream, Momo revealed that her agency, JYP Entertainment, forced her to lose fifteen pounds and stated that she would be unable to perform if she could not do it. Desperate, Momo quit eating altogether and survived off one ice cube a day for a week. Additionally, Momo went to the gym as much as she could.

This short but drastic diet was detrimental for her. She did not eat nor drink and even became too scared to swallow her own spit because she was afraid it would cause her to gain weight. Instead, she would spit out her saliva so that there would be no water in her body. In addition, she told her fellow Twice members that every time she went to bed, she would lay down and cry because she was afraid she would not wake up the following day.

Despite making a radical effort, Momo wasn’t able to lose the required pounds in seven days and eventually asked for three more days to reach the goal, which she was able to accomplish in the end.

This is just one instance of idols who have done extreme things to lose weight, only to fit the ridiculous standards upheld by their industry and society. (Fragment adapted from kpopstarz.com)

4) VOCABULARY (2 POINTS).

4.1 Choose one of the options below and find one word in the text for its definition (0.6 POINTS):

a)

An occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities for progress.

b)

The result or achievement toward which effort is directed.

4.2 Find a synonym in the text for one of the two words below (0.6 POINTS):

a)

place

b)

achieve

4.3 For one of the following words from the text, give a synonym that fits the meaning of the text (0.8 POINTS):

a)

slender (line 4)

b)

drastic (line 12)

5) WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC USING BETWEEN 120-150 WORDS (4 POINTS).

In what ways do celebrities influence the youth? Justify your answer.