Examen Inglés PAU Castilla y León 2022 julio resuelto

OPTION A

HOW BAD ARE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE GOING TO BE

It depends on how aggressively we act to address climate change. If we continue with business as usual, by the end of the century, it will be too hot to go outside during heat waves in the Middle East and South Asia. Droughts will grip Central America, the Mediterranean and southern Africa. And many island nations and low-lying areas, from Texas to Bangladesh, will be overtaken by rising seas. Conversely, climate change could bring welcome warming and extended growing seasons to the upper Midwest, Canada, the Nordic countries and Russia. Farther north, however, the loss of snow, ice and permafrost will invert the traditions of Indigenous people and threaten infrastructure.

Already, between 1961 and 2000, climate change appears to have harmed the economies of the poorest countries while boosting the fortunes of the wealthiest nations that have done the most to cause the problem, making the global wealth gap 25 percent bigger than it would otherwise have been. Similarly, the Global Climate Risk Index found that lower income countries — like Myanmar, Haiti and Nepal — rank high on the list of nations most affected by extreme weather between 1999 and 2018. Climate change has also contributed to increased human migration, which is expected to increase significantly.

Even the climate “winners” will not be immune from all climate impacts, though. Desirable locations will face an influx of migrants. And as the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated, disasters in one place quickly spread across our globalized economy. For instance, scientists expect climate change to increase the probabilities of multiple crop failures occurring at the same time in different places, throwing the world into a food crisis. Warmer weather is aiding the spread of infectious diseases and the vectors that transmit them, like ticks and mosquitoes. Research has also identified troubling correlations between rising temperatures and increased interpersonal violence, and climate change is widely recognized as a “threat multiplier” that increases the odds of larger conflicts within and between countries.

So, climate change will bring many changes that no amount of money can stop. What could help is taking action to limit warming. (Fragment adapted from The New York Times.)

1) BRIEFLY ANSWER ONLY 4 OUT OF THE FOLLOWING 6 QUESTIONS WITH ONLY THE DATA REQUIRED (NOT A WHOLE SENTENCE) (2 POINTS; 0.5 POINTS EACH).

1.

Who does “we” in line 1 refer to?

2.

Will climate change affect the traditions of Indigenous people?

3.

What kind of countries rank high in the list of nations most affected by extreme weather?

4.

What helps the spread of infectious diseases?

5.

May rising temperatures affect interpersonal violence?

6.

Can money stop climate change?

OPTION A

HOW BAD ARE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE GOING TO BE

It depends on how aggressively we act to address climate change. If we continue with business as usual, by the end of the century, it will be too hot to go outside during heat waves in the Middle East and South Asia. Droughts will grip Central America, the Mediterranean and southern Africa. And many island nations and low-lying areas, from Texas to Bangladesh, will be overtaken by rising seas. Conversely, climate change could bring welcome warming and extended growing seasons to the upper Midwest, Canada, the Nordic countries and Russia. Farther north, however, the loss of snow, ice and permafrost will invert the traditions of Indigenous people and threaten infrastructure.

Already, between 1961 and 2000, climate change appears to have harmed the economies of the poorest countries while boosting the fortunes of the wealthiest nations that have done the most to cause the problem, making the global wealth gap 25 percent bigger than it would otherwise have been. Similarly, the Global Climate Risk Index found that lower income countries — like Myanmar, Haiti and Nepal — rank high on the list of nations most affected by extreme weather between 1999 and 2018. Climate change has also contributed to increased human migration, which is expected to increase significantly.

Even the climate “winners” will not be immune from all climate impacts, though. Desirable locations will face an influx of migrants. And as the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated, disasters in one place quickly spread across our globalized economy. For instance, scientists expect climate change to increase the probabilities of multiple crop failures occurring at the same time in different places, throwing the world into a food crisis. Warmer weather is aiding the spread of infectious diseases and the vectors that transmit them, like ticks and mosquitoes. Research has also identified troubling correlations between rising temperatures and increased interpersonal violence, and climate change is widely recognized as a “threat multiplier” that increases the odds of larger conflicts within and between countries.

So, climate change will bring many changes that no amount of money can stop. What could help is taking action to limit warming. (Fragment adapted from The New York Times.)

2) ARE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? INDICATE THE LINES THAT SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER (1 POINT).

1.

Climate change appears to have harmed the economies of the wealthiest countries while boosting the fortunes of the poorest nations.

TRUE

FALSE

2.

The climate “winners” will also be affected by all climate impacts.

TRUE

FALSE

OPTION A

HOW BAD ARE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE GOING TO BE

It depends on how aggressively we act to address climate change. If we continue with business as usual, by the end of the century, it will be too hot to go outside during heat waves in the Middle East and South Asia. Droughts will grip Central America, the Mediterranean and southern Africa. And many island nations and low-lying areas, from Texas to Bangladesh, will be overtaken by rising seas. Conversely, climate change could bring welcome warming and extended growing seasons to the upper Midwest, Canada, the Nordic countries and Russia. Farther north, however, the loss of snow, ice and permafrost will invert the traditions of Indigenous people and threaten infrastructure.

Already, between 1961 and 2000, climate change appears to have harmed the economies of the poorest countries while boosting the fortunes of the wealthiest nations that have done the most to cause the problem, making the global wealth gap 25 percent bigger than it would otherwise have been. Similarly, the Global Climate Risk Index found that lower income countries — like Myanmar, Haiti and Nepal — rank high on the list of nations most affected by extreme weather between 1999 and 2018. Climate change has also contributed to increased human migration, which is expected to increase significantly.

Even the climate “winners” will not be immune from all climate impacts, though. Desirable locations will face an influx of migrants. And as the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated, disasters in one place quickly spread across our globalized economy. For instance, scientists expect climate change to increase the probabilities of multiple crop failures occurring at the same time in different places, throwing the world into a food crisis. Warmer weather is aiding the spread of infectious diseases and the vectors that transmit them, like ticks and mosquitoes. Research has also identified troubling correlations between rising temperatures and increased interpersonal violence, and climate change is widely recognized as a “threat multiplier” that increases the odds of larger conflicts within and between countries.

So, climate change will bring many changes that no amount of money can stop. What could help is taking action to limit warming. (Fragment adapted from The New York Times.)

3) CHOOSE a OR b, ONLY ONE CHOICE IS CORRECT ACCORDING TO THE TEXT (1 POINT).

)

OPTION A

HOW BAD ARE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE GOING TO BE

It depends on how aggressively we act to address climate change. If we continue with business as usual, by the end of the century, it will be too hot to go outside during heat waves in the Middle East and South Asia. Droughts will grip Central America, the Mediterranean and southern Africa. And many island nations and low-lying areas, from Texas to Bangladesh, will be overtaken by rising seas. Conversely, climate change could bring welcome warming and extended growing seasons to the upper Midwest, Canada, the Nordic countries and Russia. Farther north, however, the loss of snow, ice and permafrost will invert the traditions of Indigenous people and threaten infrastructure.

Already, between 1961 and 2000, climate change appears to have harmed the economies of the poorest countries while boosting the fortunes of the wealthiest nations that have done the most to cause the problem, making the global wealth gap 25 percent bigger than it would otherwise have been. Similarly, the Global Climate Risk Index found that lower income countries — like Myanmar, Haiti and Nepal — rank high on the list of nations most affected by extreme weather between 1999 and 2018. Climate change has also contributed to increased human migration, which is expected to increase significantly.

Even the climate “winners” will not be immune from all climate impacts, though. Desirable locations will face an influx of migrants. And as the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated, disasters in one place quickly spread across our globalized economy. For instance, scientists expect climate change to increase the probabilities of multiple crop failures occurring at the same time in different places, throwing the world into a food crisis. Warmer weather is aiding the spread of infectious diseases and the vectors that transmit them, like ticks and mosquitoes. Research has also identified troubling correlations between rising temperatures and increased interpersonal violence, and climate change is widely recognized as a “threat multiplier” that increases the odds of larger conflicts within and between countries.

So, climate change will bring many changes that no amount of money can stop. What could help is taking action to limit warming. (Fragment adapted from The New York Times.)

4) VOCABULARY (2 POINTS).

4.1

Choose one of the options below and find one word in the text for its definition (0.6 POINTS):

a)

b)

4.2

Find a synonym in the text for one of the two words below (0.6 POINTS):

a)

b)

4.3

For one of the following words from the text, give a synonym that fits the meaning of the text (0.8 POINTS):

a)

b)

5) WRITE ABOUT THE FOLLOWING TOPIC USING BETWEEN 120-150 WORDS (4 POINTS).

What can rich countries do to help poor countries? Justify your answer.

RESEARCH SHOWS BENEFITS OF MONTESSORI EDUCATION

A method of schooling that focuses on personal development rather than exams produces more

mature, creative and socially adept children, scientists have found. Psychologists in the US found that

children at Montessori schools did better than those given a traditional education. Five-year-old

Montessori pupils were better prepared for reading and maths, and 12-year-olds wrote "more creative"

5 essays using more sophisticated sentence structures.

Some of the biggest differences were seen in social skills and behaviour. Montessori children

displayed a greater sense of "justice and fairness", interacted in an "emotionally positive" way, and were

less likely to engage in "rough play" during break times. The schooling system was invented in the early

1900s by Maria Montessori to educate poor children in her native Italy. The method discourages

10 traditional competitive measurements of achievement, such as grades and tests, and instead focuses on the

individual progress and development of each child. Children of different ages share the same classes, and

are encouraged to collaborate and help each other. Special educational materials are used, and there is an

emphasis on "practical life skills".

The researchers, who reported their findings in the journal Science, compared children aged

15 three to 12 at a Montessori school in Milwaukee with those at other schools in the same area. Angeline

Lillard, from the University of Virginia, who co-led the study, said: "We found significant advantages for

the Montessori students. Particularly remarkable are the positive social effects of Montessori education."

Although the Montessori children were not regularly tested or graded, they did just as well in spelling,

punctuation and grammar exams as those given conventional lessons. Older Montessori pupils were more

20 likely to choose "positive assertive responses" when dealing with unpleasant social situations. They also

displayed a "greater sense of community" at school. The scientists concluded: "Montessori education

fosters social and academic skills that are equal or superior to those fostered in other types of schools."

The Montessori method has had its criticism. Some parents believe the classroom environment is

"too free", while others question Montessori teaching priorities, or the fact that children are not assigned

25 homework. (Fragment adapted from The Guardian.)

1) BRIEFLY ANSWER ONLY 4 OUT OF THE FOLLOWING 6 QUESTIONS WITH ONLY THE DATA REQUIRED (NOT A WHOLE SENTENCE) (2 POINTS; 0.5 POINTS EACH).

1.

What did psychologists in the US find?

2.

Name two big differences seen between children at Montessori schools and children at conventional schools.

3.

Who invented the Montessori system and when?

4.

What does the Montessori method discourage?

5.

Who is Angeline Lillard?

6.

What are two criticisms of the Montessori system?