Ejercicio Option 2 - Question 2 · Inglés PAU Cantabria Ordinaria 2022

Tropical Forests Can Regrow In Two Decades Without Human Interference

Tropical forests can regrow surprisingly quickly on abandoned lands, according to a new study that provides fresh insights for climate change mitigation. The research, which was published in the journal Science on Thursday, explains that scientists have found that tropical forests have the potential to regrow by about 78 per cent if left untouched by humans for about 20 years. Although tropical forests worldwide have disappeared rapidly due to deforestation, the international team of scientists, including those from Wageningen University in The Netherlands, say these secondary forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation and biodiversity and ecosystem restoration.

Currently, tropical forests continue to be cleared globally to make way for other land uses, including agriculture and livestock grazing. But the gradual abandonment of some of these lands has led to a rapid rise in forest regrowth. To understand how the forest regrowth happens in these lands, researchers analysed patterns of forest recovery in 77 secondary forest sites in the Americas and West Africa. They evaluated 12 features of forests related to soil, plant functioning, ecosystem structure and biodiversity.

The study found that while different attributes recover at different rates, tropical forests can recover quickly — attaining 78 per cent of their old-growth values for these attributes in 20 years, while plant community and species diversity recover in fewer than 60 years. But the researchers added that the recovery for biomass and species composition could take about 120 years to reach 90 per cent of old-growth values, although the near-total recovery of just the soil could happen in less than 10 years.

However, the study also warned that there was “substantial variation” in forest regrowth across the study region. In some areas, lack of seed sources or dominance of certain species affect regrowth, and under such conditions, management practices such as weeding, controlling invasive species, enrichment planting, and the establishment of ecological corridors may be needed to safeguard multidimensional recovery.

The researchers urged countries to nurture the growth of secondary forests as a low-cost, nature-based solution to meet the United Nations “Sustainable Development goals and the United Nations” Decade on Ecosystem Restoration goals. “Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation”, they wrote in the study.

The Independent, 11 December 2021 (Adapted)

Question 2: [2 POINTS] Choose and answer only TWO of the following questions in your own words according to the text.

a)

Can you explain the purpose of the study mentioned in the text in your own words?

b)

What different specific things did the scientists study?

c)

What suggestions or advice do the scientists give as conclusions to their research?