Examen de Inglés PAU Cantabria 2022 · Ordinaria

Question 1 [2 POINTS]

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE and write down the sentence or the part of the text that justifies your answer. No points will be given if the evidence is not correct.

)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 2

Choose and answer only TWO of the following questions in your own words according to the text. [2 POINTS]

a)

What different factors affect our choice of food according to the text?

b)

What two types of people are most likely to influence us on social media and why?

c)

How are different types of food shown differently in photos and how does that affect the viewer?

Question 3

Find words or phrases in the text that correspond to the words given. You only need to have five correct answers to get 1.5 points. [1,5 POINTS]

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

Question 4

Choose the correct option –a, b, c or d– for each question and COPY both the letter and the sentence that follows onto your answer sheet. [1,5 POINTS]

1.

The text suggests that our personal experience of food...

)

2.

The text says that the stimulation we receive through social media photos of food...

)

3.

Images of healthier food options on social media sites...

)

Tropical Forests Can Regrow In Two Decades Without Human Interference

Tropical forests can regrow surprisingly quickly on abandoned lands, according to a new study that provides fresh insights for climate change mitigation. The research, which was published in the journal Science on Thursday, explains that scientists have found that tropical forests have the potential to regrow by about 78 per cent if left untouched by humans for about 20 years. Although tropical forests worldwide have disappeared rapidly due to deforestation, the international team of scientists, including those from Wageningen University in The Netherlands, say these secondary forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation and biodiversity and ecosystem restoration.

Currently, tropical forests continue to be cleared globally to make way for other land uses, including agriculture and livestock grazing. But the gradual abandonment of some of these lands has led to a rapid rise in forest regrowth. To understand how the forest regrowth happens in these lands, researchers analysed patterns of forest recovery in 77 secondary forest sites in the Americas and West Africa. They evaluated 12 features of forests related to soil, plant functioning, ecosystem structure and biodiversity.

The study found that while different attributes recover at different rates, tropical forests can recover quickly — attaining 78 per cent of their old-growth values for these attributes in 20 years, while plant community and species diversity recover in fewer than 60 years. But the researchers added that the recovery for biomass and species composition could take about 120 years to reach 90 per cent of old-growth values, although the near-total recovery of just the soil could happen in less than 10 years.

However, the study also warned that there was “substantial variation” in forest regrowth across the study region. In some areas, lack of seed sources or dominance of certain species affect regrowth, and under such conditions, management practices such as weeding, controlling invasive species, enrichment planting, and the establishment of ecological corridors may be needed to safeguard multidimensional recovery.

The researchers urged countries to nurture the growth of secondary forests as a low-cost, nature-based solution to meet the United Nations “Sustainable Development goals and the United Nations” Decade on Ecosystem Restoration goals. “Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation”, they wrote in the study.

The Independent, 11 December 2021 (Adapted)

Question 1: [2 POINTS] Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE and write down the sentence or the part of the text that justifies your answer. No points will be given if the evidence is not correct.

a)

According to the study, regrowth of tropical forests without human intervention could take place in less than a decade.

TRUE

FALSE

b)

The scientists studied forests on more than one continent as part of their research.

TRUE

FALSE

c)

Not all of the forests under study experienced the same rhythm of regrowth.

TRUE

FALSE

d)

The scientists believe that human intervention might sometimes be necessary to maximise regrowth.

TRUE

FALSE

Tropical Forests Can Regrow In Two Decades Without Human Interference

Tropical forests can regrow surprisingly quickly on abandoned lands, according to a new study that provides fresh insights for climate change mitigation. The research, which was published in the journal Science on Thursday, explains that scientists have found that tropical forests have the potential to regrow by about 78 per cent if left untouched by humans for about 20 years. Although tropical forests worldwide have disappeared rapidly due to deforestation, the international team of scientists, including those from Wageningen University in The Netherlands, say these secondary forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation and biodiversity and ecosystem restoration.

Currently, tropical forests continue to be cleared globally to make way for other land uses, including agriculture and livestock grazing. But the gradual abandonment of some of these lands has led to a rapid rise in forest regrowth. To understand how the forest regrowth happens in these lands, researchers analysed patterns of forest recovery in 77 secondary forest sites in the Americas and West Africa. They evaluated 12 features of forests related to soil, plant functioning, ecosystem structure and biodiversity.

The study found that while different attributes recover at different rates, tropical forests can recover quickly — attaining 78 per cent of their old-growth values for these attributes in 20 years, while plant community and species diversity recover in fewer than 60 years. But the researchers added that the recovery for biomass and species composition could take about 120 years to reach 90 per cent of old-growth values, although the near-total recovery of just the soil could happen in less than 10 years.

However, the study also warned that there was “substantial variation” in forest regrowth across the study region. In some areas, lack of seed sources or dominance of certain species affect regrowth, and under such conditions, management practices such as weeding, controlling invasive species, enrichment planting, and the establishment of ecological corridors may be needed to safeguard multidimensional recovery.

The researchers urged countries to nurture the growth of secondary forests as a low-cost, nature-based solution to meet the United Nations “Sustainable Development goals and the United Nations” Decade on Ecosystem Restoration goals. “Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation”, they wrote in the study.

The Independent, 11 December 2021 (Adapted)

Question 2: [2 POINTS] Choose and answer only TWO of the following questions in your own words according to the text.

a)

Can you explain the purpose of the study mentioned in the text in your own words?

b)

What different specific things did the scientists study?

c)

What suggestions or advice do the scientists give as conclusions to their research?

Tropical Forests Can Regrow In Two Decades Without Human Interference

Tropical forests can regrow surprisingly quickly on abandoned lands, according to a new study that provides fresh insights for climate change mitigation. The research, which was published in the journal Science on Thursday, explains that scientists have found that tropical forests have the potential to regrow by about 78 per cent if left untouched by humans for about 20 years. Although tropical forests worldwide have disappeared rapidly due to deforestation, the international team of scientists, including those from Wageningen University in The Netherlands, say these secondary forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation and biodiversity and ecosystem restoration.

Currently, tropical forests continue to be cleared globally to make way for other land uses, including agriculture and livestock grazing. But the gradual abandonment of some of these lands has led to a rapid rise in forest regrowth. To understand how the forest regrowth happens in these lands, researchers analysed patterns of forest recovery in 77 secondary forest sites in the Americas and West Africa. They evaluated 12 features of forests related to soil, plant functioning, ecosystem structure and biodiversity.

The study found that while different attributes recover at different rates, tropical forests can recover quickly — attaining 78 per cent of their old-growth values for these attributes in 20 years, while plant community and species diversity recover in fewer than 60 years. But the researchers added that the recovery for biomass and species composition could take about 120 years to reach 90 per cent of old-growth values, although the near-total recovery of just the soil could happen in less than 10 years.

However, the study also warned that there was “substantial variation” in forest regrowth across the study region. In some areas, lack of seed sources or dominance of certain species affect regrowth, and under such conditions, management practices such as weeding, controlling invasive species, enrichment planting, and the establishment of ecological corridors may be needed to safeguard multidimensional recovery.

The researchers urged countries to nurture the growth of secondary forests as a low-cost, nature-based solution to meet the United Nations “Sustainable Development goals and the United Nations” Decade on Ecosystem Restoration goals. “Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation”, they wrote in the study.

The Independent, 11 December 2021 (Adapted)

Question 3: [1,5 POINTS] Find words or phrases in the text that correspond to the words given. You only need to have five correct answers to get 1.5 points.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

Tropical Forests Can Regrow In Two Decades Without Human Interference

Tropical forests can regrow surprisingly quickly on abandoned lands, according to a new study that provides fresh insights for climate change mitigation. The research, which was published in the journal Science on Thursday, explains that scientists have found that tropical forests have the potential to regrow by about 78 per cent if left untouched by humans for about 20 years. Although tropical forests worldwide have disappeared rapidly due to deforestation, the international team of scientists, including those from Wageningen University in The Netherlands, say these secondary forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation and biodiversity and ecosystem restoration.

Currently, tropical forests continue to be cleared globally to make way for other land uses, including agriculture and livestock grazing. But the gradual abandonment of some of these lands has led to a rapid rise in forest regrowth. To understand how the forest regrowth happens in these lands, researchers analysed patterns of forest recovery in 77 secondary forest sites in the Americas and West Africa. They evaluated 12 features of forests related to soil, plant functioning, ecosystem structure and biodiversity.

The study found that while different attributes recover at different rates, tropical forests can recover quickly — attaining 78 per cent of their old-growth values for these attributes in 20 years, while plant community and species diversity recover in fewer than 60 years. But the researchers added that the recovery for biomass and species composition could take about 120 years to reach 90 per cent of old-growth values, although the near-total recovery of just the soil could happen in less than 10 years.

However, the study also warned that there was “substantial variation” in forest regrowth across the study region. In some areas, lack of seed sources or dominance of certain species affect regrowth, and under such conditions, management practices such as weeding, controlling invasive species, enrichment planting, and the establishment of ecological corridors may be needed to safeguard multidimensional recovery.

The researchers urged countries to nurture the growth of secondary forests as a low-cost, nature-based solution to meet the United Nations “Sustainable Development goals and the United Nations” Decade on Ecosystem Restoration goals. “Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation”, they wrote in the study.

The Independent, 11 December 2021 (Adapted)

Question 4: [1,5 POINTS] Choose the correct option –a, b, c or d– for each question and COPY both the letter and the sentence that follows onto your answer sheet.

1. The scientists studied...

2. The study suggests that...

3. According to the text, the scientists believe that countries...

PART 2. Written production

[3 POINTS] Write a short essay (120-150 words). Essays up to 200 words won't be penalized.

Option 1: What are the advantages and disadvantages of a strong social media presence?

PART 2. Written production

[3 POINTS] Write a short essay (120-150 words). Essays up to 200 words won't be penalized.

Option 2: "It is imperative that governments try to protect our natural environment before it is too late". Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons to justify your opinion.