Aufgabe HT 2 - 1 · Abitur NRW Englisch LK · Haupttermin 2021

Farhad Manjoo

Let's Quit Fetishizing the Single-Family Home

When my family emigrated from our native South Africa to Southern California in the 1980s,

my parents, my sister and I fell hard for this state's endless suburban sprawl. To the four of

us, the acres of subdivisions that had been mushrooming up across California since World

War II were the embodiment of everything we'd been promised about America. A bigger-

5 than-enough house, a two-car garage and a backyard of brilliant green lawn – this was the

California Dream we'd seen on TV.

By the time I got to middle school, my immigrant family was able to afford a house with a

yard of our own – back then, California really was the land of milk and honey – and I spent

my youth in the sun-drenched suburbs. It was a fine place to grow up; in the mass-produced

10 "little boxes made of ticky-tacky" that stretch across California and much of America, I found

comfort, safety and a crucial sense of belonging in the American landscape.

And yet, wistful though I may remain for my suburban-sprawl childhood, these days I find

myself continually amazed and befuddled by my state's insane fetishization of an anachronistic

model of urban development. Why – when the case for some better way of living has become

15 so painfully obvious – can't California quit propping up its endless rows of single-family

houses? Why can't so much of America? And what level of extreme unlivability is it going

to take to finally convince us that there isn't enough space for all of us to live as if space is

infinite?

Last week, California lawmakers rejected an effort to override restrictive zoning regulations

20 across the state for the third year in a row. Most of the land available for residential development

in California is zoned for single-family homes, according to researchers at U.C. Berkeley's

Turner Center for Housing Innovation; the typical California city allows multifamily

developments like apartments, townhouses and duplexes on less than a quarter of its land.

Senate Bill 50, devised by Scott Wiener, a Democrat from San Francisco, would have

25 allowed higher-density housing near public transportation lines and job centers, fostering

affordability and sustainability in a state that desperately needs both.

In previous attempts, Wiener's idea was criticized for exacerbating gentrification and handing

over development plans from local officials to state bureaucrats. This year, Wiener

significantly amended the bill to address the critics' concerns. The latest version offered

30 greater control to local officials and delayed the legislation's impact in low-income areas

sensitive to gentrification.

But again, the bill couldn't make it through. S.B. 50 attracted fierce opposition from lawmakers

representing some of the state's ritziest suburbs and its largest cities. Even some of the bill's

putative supporters, like Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is falling well short of his campaign

35 promise to spur the development of 3.5 million new housing units by 2025, offered only

tepid endorsements.

I suspect that the reluctance stems from a reality that many politicians would prefer to avoid

accepting: The reign of the single-family home is over. Whatever its habitable charms and

nostalgic appeal, the single-family home is out of step with the future.

40 In an era constrained by sustainability and affordability, a big house with a backyard should

be a rarity. Much of California is straining under its own success: We have too many people

and too few places for them to live, offered at too-high prices, in too many areas touched-

by-climate-change-related menaces, like wildfires, all too far from where people work. And

the solution is so painfully obvious it feels almost reductive to point it out: Make it legal to

45 build more housing that houses more people.

Increasing density by replacing single-family homes with multifamily ones would be a boon

to our efforts to address climate change, and it would help with affordability. But if that is

too practical a selling point, let me offer a couple more politically salient ones.

First, there is nothing especially admirable about the development of single-family zoning

50 in America. Though the policy is now defended as a way to maintain the ineffable "local

character" of neighborhoods, single-family zoning has a history in segregation. As the

historian Richard Rothstein has documented, single-family zoning was one of the many

ways white homeowners and politicians kept African-Americans out of suburbs.

And second: We can move on from single-family housing to something better for everyone.

55 A few years ago, shut out of the skyrocketing market for single-family homes in our Northern

California suburb, my wife and I bought a townhouse. At first we thought of it as a starter

home – we'd just had our second child, and it felt like we could slum it in a townhouse for

a bit before we could move into the dream of a place with a backyard.

That dream now looks prohibitive: Houses with backyards in my neck of the woods require

60 tech-I.P.O. levels of insane wealth. But you know what? I don't feel so bad. Our attached

townhouse, on a piece of land a small fraction of the size of a single-family home, is less of

a burden on the environment, and it is just the right size for the four of us. It's also just as

loving and pleasant a place for my kids to grow up in as my own suburban manse was for me.

At some point, recently, I realized that I no longer fantasized about ever having a backyard –

65 my dream home is now a townhouse, and if it's good enough for me, perhaps it could be

good enough for others in my state, too.

Annotations

10

"little boxes made of ticky-tacky" – line taken from a popular song, referring to suburban houses made of inferior or cheap material

19

zoning regulations – laws concerning land use that fall under the powers of state and local governments

24

Senate Bill – proposed legislation originated in the California State Senate

27

gentrification – process of changing the character of an urban district through wealthier residents and businesses

32

S. B. (Senate Bill)

59

neck of the woods – area someone comes from

60

tech-I.P.O. (Initial Public Offering) – here: very high

1. Outline Farhad Manjoo's views on his personal housing situation in the past and present. (Comprehension) [12 Punkte]