Aufgabe NT 3 - Aufgabe 1 · Abitur NRW Englisch GK · Nachtermin · Weiterbildungskolleg 2021

Klausurteil A

Tristan Harris

Our Brains Are No Match for Our Technology

A decade ago, Edward O. Wilson, the Harvard professor and renowned father of sociobiology,

was asked whether humans would be able to solve the crises that would confront them over

the next 100 years.

“Yes, if we are honest and smart,” he replied. “The real problem of humanity is the following:

5 We have Paleolithic emotions, medieval institutions and godlike technology.”

Since Mr. Wilson’s observation, technology’s godlike powers have increased dramatically,

while the ancient, Paleolithic impulses of our brains have remained the same.

Yet this isn’t usually one of the complaints leveled against technology companies today – that

the digital infrastructures of Facebook and Google have overwhelmed the natural capacities of

10 our brains. Instead, we hear concerns that tech firms are collecting and tracking our personal

data. Or that they’re simply too big.

Let’s imagine that we managed to solve the privacy issue. In this new utopia, we would own

all our data, and tech giants would be forbidden from tracking our online whereabouts; they

would have access only to the data we agreed to share.

15 While we might see fewer creepy ads and feel less paranoid about surveillance, the troubling

trends connected to the online world would remain unaddressed.

Our addiction to social validation and bursts of “likes” would continue to destroy our attention

spans. Our brains would still be drawn to outrage and angry tweets, replacing democratic

debate with childlike he-said, she-said. Teenagers would remain vulnerable to online social

20 pressure and cyberbullying, harming their mental health.

Content algorithms would continue to drive us down rabbit holes toward extremism and

conspiracy theories, since automating recommendations is cheaper than paying human

editors to decide what’s worth our time. And radical content, incubated in insular online

communities, would continue to inspire mass shootings.

25 By influencing two billion brains in these ways, today’s social media holds the pen of world

history: The forces it has unleashed will affect future elections and even our ability to tell

fact from fiction, increasing the divisions within society. [...]

[O]ur Paleolithic brains aren’t built for omniscient awareness of the world’s suffering. Our

online news feeds aggregate all of the world’s pain and cruelty, dragging our brains into a

30 kind of learned helplessness. Technology that provides us with near-complete knowledge

without a commensurate level of agency isn’t humane.

Our Paleolithic brains also aren’t wired for truth-seeking. Information that confirms our beliefs

makes us feel good; information that challenges our beliefs doesn’t. Tech giants that give

us more of what we click on are intrinsically divisive. Decades after splitting the atom,

35 technology has split society into different ideological universes.

Simply put, technology has outmatched our brains, diminishing our capacity to address the

world’s most pressing challenges. The advertising business model built on exploiting this

mismatch has created the attention economy. In return, we get the “free” downgrading of

humanity.

40 This leaves us profoundly unsafe. With two billion humans trapped in these environments,

the attention economy has turned us into a civilization maladapted for its own survival.

Here’s the good news: We are the only species self-aware enough to identify this mismatch

between our brains and the technology we use. Which means we have the power to reverse

these trends.

45 The question is whether we can rise to the challenge, whether we can look deep within

ourselves and use that wisdom to create a new, radically more humane technology. “Know

thyself,” the ancients exhorted. We must bring our godlike technology back into alignment

with an honest understanding of our limits.

This may all sound pretty abstract, but there are concrete actions we can take.

50 First, policymakers can create a special tax for tech giants – a “downgrading tax” – that

would make their business models, based on extracting and exhausting our attention spans,

prohibitively expensive, while redistributing wealth to journalism, public education and the

creation of new platforms that privilege human values and service to society.

Second, instead of joining free social media platforms that benefit from turning us into

55 addicted, narcissistic extremists, we could agree to pay subscription fees to services that

shun “likes” for features that empower our lives offscreen, making these services, in

essence, fiduciaries acting in the best interests of humanity.

Third, instead of spreading disinformation, digital platforms could radically strengthen the

media infrastructures that protect us from malicious viral content and tech-enabled distortions

60 like “deepfakes”. [...]

To create humane technology we need to think deeply about human nature, and that means

more than just talking about privacy. This is a profound spiritual moment. We need to

understand our natural strengths – our capacity for self-awareness and critical thinking, for

reasoned debate and reflection – as well as our weaknesses and vulnerabilities, and the parts

65 of ourselves that we’ve lost control over.

The only way to make peace with technology is to make peace with ourselves.

Annotations:

5 · Paleolithic · – dating back to the early Stone Age

21 · drive sb. down a rabbit hole · – here: to send sb. into a questionable, unreal world

31 · a commensurate level of agency · – adequate options to take action

41 · maladapted · – not prepared well

57 · fiduciary · – person or company that is in a position of trust, especially when controlling the money or property of others

60 · deepfakes · – fabricated videos manipulated with the help of algorithms to look authentic

1.

Describe the effects of digital technologies on the individual and society according to Tristan Harris and his suggestions for change. (Comprehension) [12 Punkte]