Ejercicio A1 · Inglés PAU Valencia Ordinaria 2024

TEXT A

HOW INFLUENCERS ACTUALLY INFLUENCE YOU

Online social networks provide a platform upon which influence can be created out of nothing. Psychologist Robert Cialdini’s basic principles of influence, proposed in 1984, are all relevant and present on these networks. Consider, for example, how successful influencers share attractive stories that impact an audience. Frequent postings and interactions help make influencers easier to identify to fans and give followers a sense of familiarity. Many influencers also manage to establish themselves as experts or authorities within their topics, even without the accreditation of researchers.

Humans are by nature social animals, as Aristotle pointed out, but we are not especially exigent about how real our connections are. People naturally form parasocial relationships, feeling a deep emotional connection to someone without any direct interaction. We feel as if we know our favorite movie stars personally, and when the voice of a podcaster fills a room, we feel less alone. We recognize familiar faces, both on the internet and on the street, and form a sense of attachment to people we have never met.

The influence of parasocial relationships has increased as online platforms have emerged. “Technology proposes itself as the architect of our friendships,” sociologist Sherry Turkle suggested in a book in which she explored how technology can both shape and replace face-to-face interaction. As work becomes more remote, the distinction between “real” and “virtual” has become less clear, creating an opportunity for wise online personalities who seek to become as familiar to us, and as influential, as our closest friends.

Adapted from an article by Richard Dancsi, Psychology Today, 4-12-23.

A1. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2 points: 1 point each)

a.

What are parasocial relationships?

b.

How has technology influenced human interaction according to Sherry Turkle?