Examen de Inglés PAU Navarra 2024 · Ordinaria

Opción B

GUNS IN THE USA

Of the many words synonymous with the USA (freedom, wealth, American dream), gun violence, unfortunately, is one of them. In the year 2022 alone, there were over 45 thousand gun-related deaths on American soil. Over 6,000 children were killed or injured by gunfire and either intentional or indirect use of guns. Gun violence has recently surpassed car accidents as the greatest threat to American youngsters in causes of death. Suicide by guns has also reached an almost historic peak, with an estimated 7.5 gun suicides per 100,000 people. Incidents like the mass shootings in Dallas, Texas; Nashville, Tennessee; Buffalo, New York, and Uvalde, Texas, continue to have cities in mourning and have sparked repeated calls for stricter laws to control gun ownership.

In response to these concerns, President Joe Biden is trying to restrict access to guns. However, the laws and policies are almost impossible to change. The Second Amendment of the US Constitution states that the right of the people to bear and keep arms has to be respected. This amendment was written after the American Revolution to make sure that if the American government turned corrupt and infringed on the fundamental human rights of the Americans, the people would have the power and weapons to overthrow the government and fight for their own rights. On a deeper level, gun restrictions are very hard to implement due to the inherent mindset of US citizens; that of freedom. The government cannot violate human liberties, and one of those liberties is the ownership of guns.

Besides, although the majority of Americans believe that gun violence is a significant problem in society, the American population is evenly divided into whether gun ownership increases or decreases safety in America. About half say it helps to increase safety by allowing citizens to protect themselves, but an equal share says gun ownership reduces safety by giving too many people access to firearms and, consequently, by increasing gun misuse. According to the Pew Research Center, personal protection (72%) tops the list of reasons gun owners give for owning a firearm. Considerably smaller shares say that a major reason they own a gun is for hunting, for sport shooting, as part of a gun collection or for their job.

1. Answer these questions about the text. Use your own words wherever possible (2 points, 1 each).

a)

What does the Second Amendment of the American Constitution say? Why was it written?

b)

What do Americans say when asked whether gun ownership increases or decreases safety?

Opción B

GUNS IN THE USA

Of the many words synonymous with the USA (freedom, wealth, American dream), gun violence, unfortunately, is one of them. In the year 2022 alone, there were over 45 thousand gun-related deaths on American soil. Over 6,000 children were killed or injured by gunfire and either intentional or indirect use of guns. Gun violence has recently surpassed car accidents as the greatest threat to American youngsters in causes of death. Suicide by guns has also reached an almost historic peak, with an estimated 7.5 gun suicides per 100,000 people. Incidents like the mass shootings in Dallas, Texas; Nashville, Tennessee; Buffalo, New York, and Uvalde, Texas, continue to have cities in mourning and have sparked repeated calls for stricter laws to control gun ownership.

In response to these concerns, President Joe Biden is trying to restrict access to guns. However, the laws and policies are almost impossible to change. The Second Amendment of the US Constitution states that the right of the people to bear and keep arms has to be respected. This amendment was written after the American Revolution to make sure that if the American government turned corrupt and infringed on the fundamental human rights of the Americans, the people would have the power and weapons to overthrow the government and fight for their own rights. On a deeper level, gun restrictions are very hard to implement due to the inherent mindset of US citizens; that of freedom. The government cannot violate human liberties, and one of those liberties is the ownership of guns.

Besides, although the majority of Americans believe that gun violence is a significant problem in society, the American population is evenly divided into whether gun ownership increases or decreases safety in America. About half say it helps to increase safety by allowing citizens to protect themselves, but an equal share says gun ownership reduces safety by giving too many people access to firearms and, consequently, by increasing gun misuse. According to the Pew Research Center, personal protection (72%) tops the list of reasons gun owners give for owning a firearm. Considerably smaller shares say that a major reason they own a gun is for hunting, for sport shooting, as part of a gun collection or for their job.

2. Read the following statements, decide whether they are true or false and justify your answer by quoting evidence from the text (1 point, 0,50 each).

a)

Nowadays, guns kill almost as many American youngsters as car accidents.

True

False

b)

Most Americans do not consider gun violence to be a serious issue.

True

False

Opción B

GUNS IN THE USA

Of the many words synonymous with the USA (freedom, wealth, American dream), gun violence, unfortunately, is one of them. In the year 2022 alone, there were over 45 thousand gun-related deaths on American soil. Over 6,000 children were killed or injured by gunfire and either intentional or indirect use of guns. Gun violence has recently surpassed car accidents as the greatest threat to American youngsters in causes of death. Suicide by guns has also reached an almost historic peak, with an estimated 7.5 gun suicides per 100,000 people. Incidents like the mass shootings in Dallas, Texas; Nashville, Tennessee; Buffalo, New York, and Uvalde, Texas, continue to have cities in mourning and have sparked repeated calls for stricter laws to control gun ownership.

In response to these concerns, President Joe Biden is trying to restrict access to guns. However, the laws and policies are almost impossible to change. The Second Amendment of the US Constitution states that the right of the people to bear and keep arms has to be respected. This amendment was written after the American Revolution to make sure that if the American government turned corrupt and infringed on the fundamental human rights of the Americans, the people would have the power and weapons to overthrow the government and fight for their own rights. On a deeper level, gun restrictions are very hard to implement due to the inherent mindset of US citizens; that of freedom. The government cannot violate human liberties, and one of those liberties is the ownership of guns.

Besides, although the majority of Americans believe that gun violence is a significant problem in society, the American population is evenly divided into whether gun ownership increases or decreases safety in America. About half say it helps to increase safety by allowing citizens to protect themselves, but an equal share says gun ownership reduces safety by giving too many people access to firearms and, consequently, by increasing gun misuse. According to the Pew Research Center, personal protection (72%) tops the list of reasons gun owners give for owning a firearm. Considerably smaller shares say that a major reason they own a gun is for hunting, for sport shooting, as part of a gun collection or for their job.

3. Find in the text the word or group of words which match these definitions (1 point, 0,25 each).

a)

Highest level (paragraph 1).

b)

Caused to start (paragraph 1).

c)

A person's way of thinking and their opinions (paragraph 2).

d)

Parts, proportions (paragraph 3).

4. Complete the text using the correct words from the box below. There are 2 words that you won't need (2 points, 0,25 each).

AGO

FOCUSES

COULD

OUT

WORSE

LIKELY

WORST

ALTHOUGH

FOCUS

NEARLY

The Washington Post reported that children are almost twice as

(a)

to be killed by guns as they were a decade

(b)

.

The rate of firearm deaths among people under the age of 20 more than doubled from 2011 to 2021—from 3.4 to 6.1

(c)

of every 100,000 individuals. This means that gun violence is getting far

(d)

at an incredible speed. A recent study found that the US's civilian gun death rate is

(e)

four times that of Switzerland, five times that of Canada, 35 times that of the United Kingdom, and 53 times that of Japan.

(f)

much of the attention to America's gun problem

(g)

on mass shootings and murders, suicides continue to be a major part of the problem and the research consistently shows that stronger gun laws

(h)

prevent suicides.

5. Write a composition of around 150-200 words on ONE of the following topics (4 points)

a

What do you think about guns? Write an opinion essay.

b

Violence in your town is on the rise. There are frequent fights among gangs, which include the use of weapons. Write an email to the authorities explaining the problem, asking them for help and, if possible, offering some suggestions to improve the situation.

CHATGPT

ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) from the research laboratory OpenAI. It can assist with various tasks, from answering questions to writing content. It’s like having a bright friend you can chat with anytime and anywhere! You can ask questions on many topics, and it can even help you write creative stories. But here’s where it gets interesting. ChatGPT has become a common resource for academic help, with 30% of college students using the platform for schoolwork. Students find the app handy for things like brainstorming essay topics or getting clarification on complex subjects. Using AI tools like ChatGPT for essays eliminates the need to spend hours researching or drafting. It checks data from countless sources — meaning the information is usually comprehensive and well-articulated — which produces well-written content that often rivals human-generated work. ChatGPT can generate content quickly, letting students focus on other tasks or subjects.

In light of this, teachers are sounding the alarm. They’re concerned that tools like ChatGPT might make it easier for students to submit work that isn’t their own. Many teachers worry students might use the application to generate essays, potentially undermining the value of original work and academic integrity. Teachers want to assess students’ understanding and skills, not a machine’s. To address this, schools are using advanced plagiarism checkers and software designed to detect content generated by AI. Believe me, they’re getting good at it and if you get caught, you could face severe consequences.

Here’s my advice — if you’re tempted to use ChatGPT to write your academic paper, think twice. The risks far outweigh the benefits. However, ChatGPT can be a helpful sidekick if used responsibly. For instance, you can use it to brainstorm ideas, summarize complex articles or generate an outline. You can blend technology with your original thoughts. Let ChatGPT help with the groundwork, but make sure the final essay screams “you.” I advise using AI as a jumping-off point, but never letting it do all the talking. Be intelligent and strategic. Use these tools to your advantage, but remember, your unique voice and perspective are irreplaceable. Academic success comes from knowing when and how to use resources without sacrificing integrity.

1. Answer these questions about the text. Use your own words wherever possible (2 points, 1 each).

a.

Why are teachers sounding the alarm?

b.

Summarize the advice provided in the last paragraph.

CHATGPT

ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) from the research laboratory OpenAI. It can assist with various tasks, from answering questions to writing content. It’s like having a bright friend you can chat with anytime and anywhere! You can ask questions on many topics, and it can even help you write creative stories. But here’s where it gets interesting. ChatGPT has become a common resource for academic help, with 30% of college students using the platform for schoolwork. Students find the app handy for things like brainstorming essay topics or getting clarification on complex subjects. Using AI tools like ChatGPT for essays eliminates the need to spend hours researching or drafting. It checks data from countless sources — meaning the information is usually comprehensive and well-articulated — which produces well-written content that often rivals human-generated work. ChatGPT can generate content quickly, letting students focus on other tasks or subjects.

In light of this, teachers are sounding the alarm. They’re concerned that tools like ChatGPT might make it easier for students to submit work that isn’t their own. Many teachers worry students might use the application to generate essays, potentially undermining the value of original work and academic integrity. Teachers want to assess students’ understanding and skills, not a machine’s. To address this, schools are using advanced plagiarism checkers and software designed to detect content generated by AI. Believe me, they’re getting good at it and if you get caught, you could face severe consequences.

Here’s my advice — if you’re tempted to use ChatGPT to write your academic paper, think twice. The risks far outweigh the benefits. However, ChatGPT can be a helpful sidekick if used responsibly. For instance, you can use it to brainstorm ideas, summarize complex articles or generate an outline. You can blend technology with your original thoughts. Let ChatGPT help with the groundwork, but make sure the final essay screams “you.” I advise using AI as a jumping-off point, but never letting it do all the talking. Be intelligent and strategic. Use these tools to your advantage, but remember, your unique voice and perspective are irreplaceable. Academic success comes from knowing when and how to use resources without sacrificing integrity.

2. Read the following statements, decide whether they are true or false and justify your answer by quoting evidence from the text (1 point, 0,50 each).

a.

The content produced by ChatGPT is of good quality, but cannot compete with human-generated content.

True

False

b.

Schools are trying to detect content generated by artificial intelligence, but without success.

True

False

CHATGPT

ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) from the research laboratory OpenAI. It can assist with various tasks, from answering questions to writing content. It’s like having a bright friend you can chat with anytime and anywhere! You can ask questions on many topics, and it can even help you write creative stories. But here’s where it gets interesting. ChatGPT has become a common resource for academic help, with 30% of college students using the platform for schoolwork. Students find the app handy for things like brainstorming essay topics or getting clarification on complex subjects. Using AI tools like ChatGPT for essays eliminates the need to spend hours researching or drafting. It checks data from countless sources — meaning the information is usually comprehensive and well-articulated — which produces well-written content that often rivals human-generated work. ChatGPT can generate content quickly, letting students focus on other tasks or subjects.

In light of this, teachers are sounding the alarm. They’re concerned that tools like ChatGPT might make it easier for students to submit work that isn’t their own. Many teachers worry students might use the application to generate essays, potentially undermining the value of original work and academic integrity. Teachers want to assess students’ understanding and skills, not a machine’s. To address this, schools are using advanced plagiarism checkers and software designed to detect content generated by AI. Believe me, they’re getting good at it and if you get caught, you could face severe consequences.

Here’s my advice — if you’re tempted to use ChatGPT to write your academic paper, think twice. The risks far outweigh the benefits. However, ChatGPT can be a helpful sidekick if used responsibly. For instance, you can use it to brainstorm ideas, summarize complex articles or generate an outline. You can blend technology with your original thoughts. Let ChatGPT help with the groundwork, but make sure the final essay screams “you.” I advise using AI as a jumping-off point, but never letting it do all the talking. Be intelligent and strategic. Use these tools to your advantage, but remember, your unique voice and perspective are irreplaceable. Academic success comes from knowing when and how to use resources without sacrificing integrity.

3. Find in the text the word or group of words which match these definitions (1 point, 0,25 each).

a.

Intelligent and quick to learn (paragraph 1).

b.

Useful or convenient (paragraph 1).

c.

Concentrate (paragraph 1).

d.

Deal with (paragraph 2).

4. Complete the text using the correct words from the box below. There are 2 words that you won't need (2 points, 0,25 each).

KNEW ALSO BETTER YET GENERATE SINCE WHETHER WITHIN SPARKED BEST

Ever (a)

ChatGPT was released, artificial intelligence (AI) has (b)

enormous excitement and debate. ChatGPT has racked up millions of users but the technology has (c)

prompted a lot of fear and anxiety: Will AI replace millions of jobs? Will disinformation become even more widespread? We talked to Stuart Russell, a computer science professor, about (d)

it is possible to ensure that AI remains safe and (e)

our control. “If we really (f)

how to control AI, we could have (g)

health care and education, amazing new forms of entertainment and literature and new forms of art that don't exist (h)

.”

5. Write a composition of around 150-200 words on ONE of the following topics (4 points):

a.

You had to write a composition for your English class, and you decided to use ChatGPT to write the whole composition. You now regret what you did. Send your teacher an email apologizing and explaining what happened.

b.

Write a 'For and Against' essay on the following topic: AI should be forbidden in schools.