Aufgabe HT 2 - Aufgabe 3.1 · Abitur NRW Englisch GK · Haupttermin 2021

Klausurteil A

Steven Poole

Wake up, humanity! A hi-tech dystopian future is not inevitable

When is the future no longer the future? Only a decade ago, air travel seemed to be moving

ineluctably towards giant planes, or “superjumbos”. But last week Airbus announced it will

cease manufacturing its A380, the world’s fattest passenger jet, as current trends favour

smaller and more fuel-efficient craft. Progress changed course. A more vivid reminder of

5 lost dreams will come in a few weeks: 2 March marks the 50th anniversary of the maiden

flight of Concorde. Once upon a time, all aviation was going to be supersonic. But sometimes,

the future is cancelled.

What if what we think is going to be the future right now is cancelled in its turn? We are

supposedly on an unstoppable path towards driverless vehicles, fully automated internet-

10 connected “smart homes”, and godlike artificial intelligence – but, then, we’ve been promised

flying cars for half a century, and they are still (allegedly) just around the corner. We live in

a time when technological change is portrayed as an inexorable, impersonal force: we’d

better learn how to surf the tsunami or drown. But as a society, we always have a choice

about which direction we take next. And sometimes we make the wrong decision.

15 For one thing, history is full of technological marvels that were abandoned for reasons that

were only reassessed much later. To most people in the late 19th century, when fleets of

electric taxis operated in London and Manhattan, the electric car was clearly going to win

out over the filthy petrol-driven alternative. But then vast oil reserves were discovered in

America, and the future went into reverse. Until, in the late 20th century, global warming

20 and advances in battery technology made electric cars seem like a good idea again. Similarly,

vinyl records have enjoyed a major resurgence in the age of the MP3: not necessarily

because they are an objectively better sonic format, but because it turned out that people

liked owning their culture as physical objects.

Just as we resurrect ideas from the past, we also have the power to bury ideas in the present

25 – whether for business reasons, like Airbus, or for the wider public good. Technology isn’t

just something that happens to us; it’s something we can decide to build and to use, or not.

Should we, for example, allow anyone to make inheritable changes in the DNA of humans?

One of the inventors of the modern gene-editing method Crispr, Jennifer Doudna, thinks

not: she has called for a moratorium on such “germline” editing, because of the potentially

30 disastrous consequences. Many thinkers on machine intelligence meanwhile – led by the

philosopher Nick Bostrom – suggest that the supposedly sci-fi scenario of a conscious AI

escaping its box and taking over the world represents such an enormous, existential threat

to humanity that we ought to be taking steps right now to prevent it happening.

Not much less alarming, and far closer, is the moment when “deep fakes”– computer-generated

35 pictures and video – become indistinguishable from the real thing. The dream is that you can

make a video in which, say, Jacob Rees-Mogg breaks down in tears and admits he doesn’t

understand half of the long words he uses, and this would be impossible to tell from an

authentic TV broadcast. Satisfying as it would be to shame some individuals in this way, the

wider result would be a total corrosion of trust, not only in news media but in documentary

40 evidence of many kinds.

So, as work continues apace on deep fakes, we are sleepwalking towards a media dystopia

in which nothing at all can be trusted, and the only people to benefit will be authoritarian

leaders who insist on their own fantastical realities. Therefore, it’s hard not to think that

researchers building deep-fake technology right now are actively working, whether they

45 realise it or not, to destroy liberal democracy. Should we just sit back and let them, because,

you know, technology will always happen anyway?

We should not, and it’s time to reject the wider myth that tech is apolitical. We are so used

to hearing that technological progress is smooth and inevitable these days that it just seems

like common sense. But this idea may not be unrelated to the fact that the people who promote

50 it are mainly the people with a large financial interest in the adoption of new technology.

Just as our past futures need not be dead to us, our present future is not compulsory.

Annotations

2

ineluctably – unavoidably

6

Concorde – supersonic passenger airliner retired in 2003

29

moratorium – a temporary stopping of an activity, especially by official agreement

29

germline editing – process by which the genome of an individual is edited in such a way that the change is inheritable

36

Jacob Rees-Mogg – British Conservative politician known for his extravagant language use

41

apace – at a fast speed

3.1

"[W]e are sleepwalking towards a media dystopia" (l. 41). Discuss this statement, drawing on what you have covered in class about culture and communication in a globalised world. (Evaluation: comment) (14 Punkte)