Opción B - 1 · Inglés PAU Castilla y León Extraordinaria (Fase Mejora de Nota) 2024

EVEN SHORT RUNS HAVE MAJOR HEALTH BENEFITS

Numerous long-term studies have shown that running benefits people physically and mentally, and

that runners tend to live longer and have a lower risk for cardiovascular disease than nonrunners.

One might assume that you need to run long distances, but there’s strong evidence linking even very

short, occasional runs to significant health benefits. “We’ve found that going for something like a two-mile

5 run a few times a week gets you pretty much the full benefit of running in terms of lower mortality,” said

Dr. O’Keefe.

During the past decade, he has published multiple studies on running for health and longevity. In

one of them, he and his colleagues analyzed long-term health and exercise data collected from around 5,000

adults ranging in age from 20 to 92. Compared to nonrunners, people who ran between one and 2.4 hours

10 per week at a slow or moderate pace enjoyed the greatest reductions in mortality.

The physiological benefits of running may be attributable to a group of molecules known as

exerkines. While research on exerkines is relatively new, studies have linked them to reductions in harmful

inflammation and the generation of new blood vessels, said Dr. Lisa Chow. Much about these molecules

requires more study. But she said research has already found that vigorous exercise — such as short runs

15 — are enough to trigger some of these exerkine-related benefits.

A recent research review on exercise and depression found that adults who got the widely

recommended 2.4 hours of moderate physical activity per week had a 25 percent lower risk of depression

compared to people who didn’t exercise at all. “If someone were to start running even once or twice a week,

instead of not exercising at all, that’s where we should see the most benefits,” said Karmel Choi.

20 While some people love the challenge of lengthy runs, they’re not for everyone. But there is plenty

to be gained by putting one foot in front of the other, even if it’s just around the block.

“The key message here,” he added, “is that any physical activity is much better than none.”

(Fragment adapted from The New York Times.)

1) BRIEFLY ANSWER ONLY 4 OUT OF THE FOLLOWING 6 QUESTIONS WITH ONLY THE DATA REQUIRED (NOT A WHOLE SENTENCE) (2 POINTS; 0.5 POINTS EACH).

1.

According to the text, what are two benefits of running?

2.

Who has published multiple studies on running for health and longevity?

3.

What was the average time that people had to run to enjoy the greatest reduction in mortality?

4.

What triggers some of the exerkine-related benefits, according to Dr. Lisa Chow?

5.

Does exercise also help reduce the risk of depression?

6.

According to Karmel Choi, what is much better than doing nothing?