Examen de Inglés PAU Canarias 2024 · Junio (Humanidades)

More evidence to ban energy drinks for children

The sale of all energy drinks to young people and children in the UK should be banned, says a review of

the latest evidence on their effects on health. The study highlighted links to some risks, such as anxiety,

stress and suicidal thoughts, that had not been found previously. Additionally, the research found that boys

are more likely than girls to consume energy drinks.

5 Now, using this review, 40 health-related organisations have written a letter to the Health Secretary to

repeat the call for stricter restrictions on energy drinks. “Many of these drinks contain high amounts of

caffeine, as much as between 160-200mg per can in some cases, which doubles the amount found in an

average cup of coffee (about 80mg depending on the strength),” the letter says.

Most UK supermarkets have introduced a voluntary ban on selling energy drinks to under-16s. Besides,

10 the drinks’ packaging often says they are not suitable for children. Yet, under-18s can easily buy them

from corner shops. It is a huge and growing market, up to a third of UK children drink them weekly.

Dr Amelia Lake, professor of public health nutrition, who led the review, looked at 57 recent studies of

energy drinks and their impact on young people's health in multiple countries. “The evidence is clear:

energy drinks are harmful to the mental and physical health of children and young people, as well as their

15 behaviour and education,” she said.

Sleep problems, poor performance at school and an unhealthy diet were also closely related to the use of

energy drinks. Dr Lake said that the findings were the best available evidence, although their research

could not prove that energy drinks directly caused the health harms. Energy drinks may be linked to health

harms because those who consume them frequently are more likely to be unhealthy in other ways – having

20 habits such as smoking or drinking alcohol.

Official guidance says people should consume no more than 3mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight:

that’s the caffeine equivalent of two espressos in a large can of energy drink. High caffeine content is not

recommended for children or pregnant and breastfeeding women. Energy drinks also have a high sugar

content, which can damage children’s teeth and contribute to obesity if they already eat unhealthily.

25 Some countries, such as Latvia and Lithuania, have already banned the sale of energy drinks to children,

but it is too soon to tell what difference the move has made. Other countries like Finland and Poland could

adopt similar measures. Health authorities in England and Scotland have not taken any official decision

yet.

Fragment adapted from the BBC, January 2024

1. Say whether the following sentences are TRUE or FALSE according to the text. COPY the evidence from the text. No marks will be given without the evidence. [1.5 points]

a)

All youngsters consume these drinks equally.

b)

The energy drinks industry is not a developing sector.

c)

Implementing the prohibition of energy drinks in several European countries has proved to be an effective measure.

More evidence to ban energy drinks for children

The sale of all energy drinks to young people and children in the UK should be banned, says a review of

the latest evidence on their effects on health. The study highlighted links to some risks, such as anxiety,

stress and suicidal thoughts, that had not been found previously. Additionally, the research found that boys

are more likely than girls to consume energy drinks.

5 Now, using this review, 40 health-related organisations have written a letter to the Health Secretary to

repeat the call for stricter restrictions on energy drinks. “Many of these drinks contain high amounts of

caffeine, as much as between 160-200mg per can in some cases, which doubles the amount found in an

average cup of coffee (about 80mg depending on the strength),” the letter says.

Most UK supermarkets have introduced a voluntary ban on selling energy drinks to under-16s. Besides,

10 the drinks’ packaging often says they are not suitable for children. Yet, under-18s can easily buy them

from corner shops. It is a huge and growing market, up to a third of UK children drink them weekly.

Dr Amelia Lake, professor of public health nutrition, who led the review, looked at 57 recent studies of

energy drinks and their impact on young people's health in multiple countries. “The evidence is clear:

energy drinks are harmful to the mental and physical health of children and young people, as well as their

15 behaviour and education,” she said.

Sleep problems, poor performance at school and an unhealthy diet were also closely related to the use of

energy drinks. Dr Lake said that the findings were the best available evidence, although their research

could not prove that energy drinks directly caused the health harms. Energy drinks may be linked to health

harms because those who consume them frequently are more likely to be unhealthy in other ways – having

20 habits such as smoking or drinking alcohol.

Official guidance says people should consume no more than 3mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight:

that’s the caffeine equivalent of two espressos in a large can of energy drink. High caffeine content is not

recommended for children or pregnant and breastfeeding women. Energy drinks also have a high sugar

content, which can damage children’s teeth and contribute to obesity if they already eat unhealthily.

25 Some countries, such as Latvia and Lithuania, have already banned the sale of energy drinks to children,

but it is too soon to tell what difference the move has made. Other countries like Finland and Poland could

adopt similar measures. Health authorities in England and Scotland have not taken any official decision

yet.

Fragment adapted from the BBC, January 2024

2. ANSWER the questions below. COPY no more than 10 words and/or a number from the text to answer each question. [1.5 points]

a)

What is the aim of the organisations that have contacted the UK health authorities?

b)

What not recommendable practices are associated with the consumption of energy drinks?

c)

Who should avoid taking caffeine-rich drinks?

More evidence to ban energy drinks for children

The sale of all energy drinks to young people and children in the UK should be banned, says a review of

the latest evidence on their effects on health. The study highlighted links to some risks, such as anxiety,

stress and suicidal thoughts, that had not been found previously. Additionally, the research found that boys

are more likely than girls to consume energy drinks.

5 Now, using this review, 40 health-related organisations have written a letter to the Health Secretary to

repeat the call for stricter restrictions on energy drinks. “Many of these drinks contain high amounts of

caffeine, as much as between 160-200mg per can in some cases, which doubles the amount found in an

average cup of coffee (about 80mg depending on the strength),” the letter says.

Most UK supermarkets have introduced a voluntary ban on selling energy drinks to under-16s. Besides,

10 the drinks’ packaging often says they are not suitable for children. Yet, under-18s can easily buy them

from corner shops. It is a huge and growing market, up to a third of UK children drink them weekly.

Dr Amelia Lake, professor of public health nutrition, who led the review, looked at 57 recent studies of

energy drinks and their impact on young people's health in multiple countries. “The evidence is clear:

energy drinks are harmful to the mental and physical health of children and young people, as well as their

15 behaviour and education,” she said.

Sleep problems, poor performance at school and an unhealthy diet were also closely related to the use of

energy drinks. Dr Lake said that the findings were the best available evidence, although their research

could not prove that energy drinks directly caused the health harms. Energy drinks may be linked to health

harms because those who consume them frequently are more likely to be unhealthy in other ways – having

20 habits such as smoking or drinking alcohol.

Official guidance says people should consume no more than 3mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight:

that’s the caffeine equivalent of two espressos in a large can of energy drink. High caffeine content is not

recommended for children or pregnant and breastfeeding women. Energy drinks also have a high sugar

content, which can damage children’s teeth and contribute to obesity if they already eat unhealthily.

25 Some countries, such as Latvia and Lithuania, have already banned the sale of energy drinks to children,

but it is too soon to tell what difference the move has made. Other countries like Finland and Poland could

adopt similar measures. Health authorities in England and Scotland have not taken any official decision

yet.

Fragment adapted from the BBC, January 2024

3. FIND a word or expression in the text that means... [1 point]

a)

emphasised (lines 1-8)

b)

the container where a product is sold or presented to the customer (lines 9-20)

c)

appropriate (lines 9-20)

d)

excessive weight (lines 21-28)

READ this conversation and COMPLETE your part. Write the numbers (1-6) and complete each sentence on your exam paper. (1.5 points)

Preparing the shopping list for the supermarket

Your father: Hey, remember that you promised to help me with the shopping list.

You: Oh, Dad, does it have to be now? I'm very busy (1)

Your father: I'll do it. But then, don't complain if I don't bring something you really want.

You: Well, what a tragedy, the end of the world... If it is so important, (2)

Your father: Take note: fish, fruit, vegetables for soup,...

You: Soup again?! No way, I thought (3)

Your father: Definitely not, you need healthy food.

You: In that case, I should go with you to the supermarket (4)

Your father: Aha! So, you lied to me before and actually you have nothing to do.

You: Errrr... Sorry, I told you a white lie because (5)

Your father: Enough, I'm tired of your nonsense. I'll tell Mom to come with me then.

You: Mom?! No, no! (6)

Read the following situations and WRITE what you would say in each one to show that you understand the context of the situation. Write between 10 and 25 words. (1.5 points)

a)

Your mother asked you to go to the shopping centre but you are still in bed. Explain what happened.

b)

You and your siblings are preparing a surprise for your grandpa's birthday. Propose ideas.

c)

You are organising a party with some friends. Some of them have already said they would bring some food and drinks. Offer to get something else.

More evidence to ban energy drinks for children

The sale of all energy drinks to young people and children in the UK should be banned, says a review of

the latest evidence on their effects on health. The study highlighted links to some risks, such as anxiety,

stress and suicidal thoughts, that had not been found previously. Additionally, the research found that boys

are more likely than girls to consume energy drinks.

5 Now, using this review, 40 health-related organisations have written a letter to the Health Secretary to

repeat the call for stricter restrictions on energy drinks. “Many of these drinks contain high amounts of

caffeine, as much as between 160-200mg per can in some cases, which doubles the amount found in an

average cup of coffee (about 80mg depending on the strength),” the letter says.

Most UK supermarkets have introduced a voluntary ban on selling energy drinks to under-16s. Besides,

10 the drinks’ packaging often says they are not suitable for children. Yet, under-18s can easily buy them

from corner shops. It is a huge and growing market, up to a third of UK children drink them weekly.

Dr Amelia Lake, professor of public health nutrition, who led the review, looked at 57 recent studies of

energy drinks and their impact on young people's health in multiple countries. “The evidence is clear:

energy drinks are harmful to the mental and physical health of children and young people, as well as their

15 behaviour and education,” she said.

Sleep problems, poor performance at school and an unhealthy diet were also closely related to the use of

energy drinks. Dr Lake said that the findings were the best available evidence, although their research

could not prove that energy drinks directly caused the health harms. Energy drinks may be linked to health

harms because those who consume them frequently are more likely to be unhealthy in other ways – having

20 habits such as smoking or drinking alcohol.

Official guidance says people should consume no more than 3mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight:

that’s the caffeine equivalent of two espressos in a large can of energy drink. High caffeine content is not

recommended for children or pregnant and breastfeeding women. Energy drinks also have a high sugar

content, which can damage children’s teeth and contribute to obesity if they already eat unhealthily.

25 Some countries, such as Latvia and Lithuania, have already banned the sale of energy drinks to children,

but it is too soon to tell what difference the move has made. Other countries like Finland and Poland could

adopt similar measures. Health authorities in England and Scotland have not taken any official decision

yet.

Fragment adapted from the BBC, January 2024

6. WRITE a composition of about 120-150 words on the following topic [3 points]:

Is banning things that are not good for our health an effective solution? Give your opinion.

GRUPO B

The cost of living crisis has generated a very different kind of social media star

For Yash Jayachandran, a 23-year-old psychology master’s student and podcaster from Brisbane

(Australia), admitting that she couldn’t afford shampoo any more was the hardest thing. It wasn’t that Yash

Jayachandran couldn’t buy shampoo. Technically, she could. But at what cost to the rest of her budget?

Jayachandran, for example, stopped buying fresh fruit or going out to bars to see her friends – drinks were

5 too expensive, as were the taxis home afterwards –.

On average, Jayachandran worked 60 hours a week. And yet she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or fresh

fruit. This was the reality of her life as a student in the 36 th most expensive city in the world during a global

cost of living crisis, and Jayachandran wanted to share it.

So she picked up her phone, opened TikTok and began filming. Her videos, explaining the things she had

10 to give up due to the cost of living crisis, went viral. “I was embarrassed to admit these things to someone,”

Jayachandran says, “but as a society, I think the best way to deal with feelings of shame and doubt is to

talk about it.”

Other creators, as TikTok users are known, began responding with their own videos on cost of living

cutbacks: no more makeup, skincare, takeaways or eating out. Austerity influencing, however, is not just

15 about surviving from one month to the next. All of these TikTok creators urge their followers to manage

their budgets so they can afford non-essential purchases that are important to them.

After Jayachandran’s video went viral, she posted a follow-up, highlighting the things she refused to give

up like her gym membership or gifts for friends, which were non-negotiable. But in prioritising her

purchases, she raised controversy. Her followers have criticised her for going to the gym. It is the same

20 logic that castigates low-income people who have smartphones, flat screen TVs or tattoos.

In reality, renouncing all worldly pleasures will not solve the cost of living crisis. Nevertheless, this story

persists. “People often criticise those with low income for having an iPhone, whereas wealthy people who

spend money on questionable things aren’t held to the same standards,” said Jayachandran.

Not all this is new. Low-income people have regularly faced hard decisions about where to spend their

25 money. What is new is the context of these TikTokers, a world where everything is more expensive, not

only for young people but for people in well-paid professions who, until recently, were not struggling.

Therefore, the austerity influencers of TikTok are not merely helping us save a few Euros; they are inviting

us to ask ourselves what makes life worth living and find a little room in our budgets for that.

Fragment adapted from The Guardian, September 2023

1. Say whether the following sentences are TRUE or FALSE according to the text. COPY the evidence from the text. No marks will be given without the evidence.

[1.5 points]

a)

It was really easy for Yash Jayachandran to confess that she could not get indispensable items like hair care products due to the increasing cost of living.

b)

Despite the cost of drinks and transport, Yash Jayachandran continued going to bars with her friends.

c)

We apply double standards to judge individuals from different economic statuses for getting non-essential items.

GRUPO B

The cost of living crisis has generated a very different kind of social media star

For Yash Jayachandran, a 23-year-old psychology master’s student and podcaster from Brisbane

(Australia), admitting that she couldn’t afford shampoo any more was the hardest thing. It wasn’t that Yash

Jayachandran couldn’t buy shampoo. Technically, she could. But at what cost to the rest of her budget?

Jayachandran, for example, stopped buying fresh fruit or going out to bars to see her friends – drinks were

5 too expensive, as were the taxis home afterwards –.

On average, Jayachandran worked 60 hours a week. And yet she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or fresh

fruit. This was the reality of her life as a student in the 36 th most expensive city in the world during a global

cost of living crisis, and Jayachandran wanted to share it.

So she picked up her phone, opened TikTok and began filming. Her videos, explaining the things she had

10 to give up due to the cost of living crisis, went viral. “I was embarrassed to admit these things to someone,”

Jayachandran says, “but as a society, I think the best way to deal with feelings of shame and doubt is to

talk about it.”

Other creators, as TikTok users are known, began responding with their own videos on cost of living

cutbacks: no more makeup, skincare, takeaways or eating out. Austerity influencing, however, is not just

15 about surviving from one month to the next. All of these TikTok creators urge their followers to manage

their budgets so they can afford non-essential purchases that are important to them.

After Jayachandran’s video went viral, she posted a follow-up, highlighting the things she refused to give

up like her gym membership or gifts for friends, which were non-negotiable. But in prioritising her

purchases, she raised controversy. Her followers have criticised her for going to the gym. It is the same

20 logic that castigates low-income people who have smartphones, flat screen TVs or tattoos.

In reality, renouncing all worldly pleasures will not solve the cost of living crisis. Nevertheless, this story

persists. “People often criticise those with low income for having an iPhone, whereas wealthy people who

spend money on questionable things aren’t held to the same standards,” said Jayachandran.

Not all this is new. Low-income people have regularly faced hard decisions about where to spend their

25 money. What is new is the context of these TikTokers, a world where everything is more expensive, not

only for young people but for people in well-paid professions who, until recently, were not struggling.

Therefore, the austerity influencers of TikTok are not merely helping us save a few Euros; they are inviting

us to ask ourselves what makes life worth living and find a little room in our budgets for that.

Fragment adapted from The Guardian, September 2023

2. ANSWER the questions below. COPY no more than 10 words and/or a number from the text to answer each question.

[1.5 points]

a)

According to Yash Jayachandran, what is the most suitable method to cope with the negative state of mind caused by the cost of living crisis?

b)

What other money-saving sacrifices did some TikTokers comment in response to Jayachandran’s videos?

c)

Which population group, not affected before, is currently being hit by the cost of living crisis?

GRUPO B

The cost of living crisis has generated a very different kind of social media star

For Yash Jayachandran, a 23-year-old psychology master’s student and podcaster from Brisbane

(Australia), admitting that she couldn’t afford shampoo any more was the hardest thing. It wasn’t that Yash

Jayachandran couldn’t buy shampoo. Technically, she could. But at what cost to the rest of her budget?

Jayachandran, for example, stopped buying fresh fruit or going out to bars to see her friends – drinks were

5 too expensive, as were the taxis home afterwards –.

On average, Jayachandran worked 60 hours a week. And yet she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or fresh

fruit. This was the reality of her life as a student in the 36 th most expensive city in the world during a global

cost of living crisis, and Jayachandran wanted to share it.

So she picked up her phone, opened TikTok and began filming. Her videos, explaining the things she had

10 to give up due to the cost of living crisis, went viral. “I was embarrassed to admit these things to someone,”

Jayachandran says, “but as a society, I think the best way to deal with feelings of shame and doubt is to

talk about it.”

Other creators, as TikTok users are known, began responding with their own videos on cost of living

cutbacks: no more makeup, skincare, takeaways or eating out. Austerity influencing, however, is not just

15 about surviving from one month to the next. All of these TikTok creators urge their followers to manage

their budgets so they can afford non-essential purchases that are important to them.

After Jayachandran’s video went viral, she posted a follow-up, highlighting the things she refused to give

up like her gym membership or gifts for friends, which were non-negotiable. But in prioritising her

purchases, she raised controversy. Her followers have criticised her for going to the gym. It is the same

20 logic that castigates low-income people who have smartphones, flat screen TVs or tattoos.

In reality, renouncing all worldly pleasures will not solve the cost of living crisis. Nevertheless, this story

persists. “People often criticise those with low income for having an iPhone, whereas wealthy people who

spend money on questionable things aren’t held to the same standards,” said Jayachandran.

Not all this is new. Low-income people have regularly faced hard decisions about where to spend their

25 money. What is new is the context of these TikTokers, a world where everything is more expensive, not

only for young people but for people in well-paid professions who, until recently, were not struggling.

Therefore, the austerity influencers of TikTok are not merely helping us save a few Euros; they are inviting

us to ask ourselves what makes life worth living and find a little room in our budgets for that.

Fragment adapted from The Guardian, September 2023

3. FIND a word or expression in the text that means...

[1 point]

a)

an amount of money available to spend (lines 1-8)

b)

feeling ashamed (lines 9-20)

c)

published (lines 9-20)

d)

consequently (lines 21-28)

READ this conversation and COMPLETE your part. Write the numbers (1-6) and complete each sentence on your exam paper. [1.5 points]

My basketball team

Your friend: Hey, I must tell you something, but it's not easy.

You: Tell me. (1)

Your friend: Unfortunately, you're not on our basketball team anymore.

You: (2) Really?

Your friend: I know it's a bit tough to hear, but we've selected other players this time...

You: Got it! (3)

Your friend: No, no. We know you're an outstanding player. We've picked out five members for the team.

You: So what? (4)

Your friend: No, the coach won't allow it.

You: (5)

Your friend: I'm sorry, but don't worry, we'll keep you in mind if we need another player.

You: Thank you for (6)

Read the following situations and WRITE what you would say in each one to show that you understand the context of the situation. Write between 10 and 25 words. [1.5 points]

a)

You like your brother's electric scooter. Ask your parents to buy you one.

b)

Your friend is looking through your mobile without your permission. Complain about her behaviour.

c)

Your friend has uploaded one video to TikTok in which you appear. Express your discontent.

GRUPO B

The cost of living crisis has generated a very different kind of social media star

For Yash Jayachandran, a 23-year-old psychology master’s student and podcaster from Brisbane

(Australia), admitting that she couldn’t afford shampoo any more was the hardest thing. It wasn’t that Yash

Jayachandran couldn’t buy shampoo. Technically, she could. But at what cost to the rest of her budget?

Jayachandran, for example, stopped buying fresh fruit or going out to bars to see her friends – drinks were

5 too expensive, as were the taxis home afterwards –.

On average, Jayachandran worked 60 hours a week. And yet she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or fresh

fruit. This was the reality of her life as a student in the 36 th most expensive city in the world during a global

cost of living crisis, and Jayachandran wanted to share it.

So she picked up her phone, opened TikTok and began filming. Her videos, explaining the things she had

10 to give up due to the cost of living crisis, went viral. “I was embarrassed to admit these things to someone,”

Jayachandran says, “but as a society, I think the best way to deal with feelings of shame and doubt is to

talk about it.”

Other creators, as TikTok users are known, began responding with their own videos on cost of living

cutbacks: no more makeup, skincare, takeaways or eating out. Austerity influencing, however, is not just

15 about surviving from one month to the next. All of these TikTok creators urge their followers to manage

their budgets so they can afford non-essential purchases that are important to them.

After Jayachandran’s video went viral, she posted a follow-up, highlighting the things she refused to give

up like her gym membership or gifts for friends, which were non-negotiable. But in prioritising her

purchases, she raised controversy. Her followers have criticised her for going to the gym. It is the same

20 logic that castigates low-income people who have smartphones, flat screen TVs or tattoos.

In reality, renouncing all worldly pleasures will not solve the cost of living crisis. Nevertheless, this story

persists. “People often criticise those with low income for having an iPhone, whereas wealthy people who

spend money on questionable things aren’t held to the same standards,” said Jayachandran.

Not all this is new. Low-income people have regularly faced hard decisions about where to spend their

25 money. What is new is the context of these TikTokers, a world where everything is more expensive, not

only for young people but for people in well-paid professions who, until recently, were not struggling.

Therefore, the austerity influencers of TikTok are not merely helping us save a few Euros; they are inviting

us to ask ourselves what makes life worth living and find a little room in our budgets for that.

Fragment adapted from The Guardian, September 2023

6. WRITE a composition of about 120-150 words on the following topic:

[3 points]

Write an email to Yash Jayachandran telling her what you think about the role TikTokers play in society.